{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T03:04:34Z","timestamp":1768273474821,"version":"3.49.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd014145","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]],"date-time":"2023-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698192000000}}],"reference-count":123,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["wiley.com","cochranelibrary.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd014145.pub2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]],"date-time":"2023-10-25T10:28:19Z","timestamp":1698229699000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Doxapram for the prevention and treatment of apnea in preterm infants"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2023","author":[{"given":"Shannon","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine; Norton Children's Neonatology, affiliated with the University of Louisville School of Medicine; Louisville Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ema","family":"Avdic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sarajevo Bosnia and Herzegovina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Pessano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department Mother and Child; IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini; Genoa Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Fiander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cochrane Neonatal Group; Halifax Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Soll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics; Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont; Burlington Vermont USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Bruschettini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatrics, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund; Lund University, Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital; Lund Sweden"},{"name":"Cochrane Sweden, Department of Research and Education; Lund University, Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital; Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0001|cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1080\/08035259850157651","article-title":"Randomized, controlled, blinded trial of doxapram for extubation of the very low birthweight infant","volume":"87","author":"Barrington","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Pediatrica"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0002|cit2","first-page":"201A","article-title":"Doxapram vs theophylline in weaning infants from low ventilation","volume":"27","author":"Carrizales","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pediatric Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0003|cit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.75.4.709","article-title":"Aminophylline versus doxapram in idiopathic apnea of prematurity: a double-blind controlled study","volume":"75","author":"Eyal","year":"1985","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0004|cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1159\/000243913","article-title":"Use of preestablished criteria for deciding on extubation in the very low birthweight newborn. Preliminary analysis of a randomized controlled study","volume":"63","author":"Huon","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biology of the Neonate"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0005|cit5","unstructured":"Huon C Moriette G Mussat P Parat S Rey E Relier JP Treatment of very low birth weight infants with a low dose of doxapram associated with caffeine: effects on weaning from mechanical ventilation In: Proceedings of the 14th European Congress of Perinatal Medicine 1994 81"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0006|cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1080\/080352598750031185","article-title":"Low-dose doxapram for treatment of apnoea following early weaning in low birthweight infants: a randomized, double-blind study","volume":"87","author":"Huon","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Pediatrica"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0007|cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1043772","article-title":"A comparative study about the therapeutic effect of theophylline and doxapram in apnoeic disorders","volume":"211","author":"M\u00f6ller","year":"1999","journal-title":"Klinische P\u00e4diatrie"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0008|cit8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103A","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199801001-00286","article-title":"Clinical controlled study comparing the efficacy of theophylline and doxapram treatment in apneas, bradycardias, and desaturations of VLBW-infants","volume":"26","author":"M\u00f6ller","year":"1998","journal-title":"Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0009|cit9","first-page":"444S","article-title":"Theophylline versus doxapram in the treatment of apnoeas in preterm infants below 34 weeks of gestational age \u2013 a clinical controlled study","volume":"8 S19","author":"M\u00f6ller","year":"1995","journal-title":"European Respiratory Journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0010|cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-3476(05)81620-8","article-title":"A blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to compare theophylline and doxapram for the treatment of apnea of prematurity","volume":"116","author":"Peliowski","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0011|cit11","first-page":"77","article-title":"A comparison of the efficacy of aminophylline and doxapram in preventing idiopathic apnea in preterm newborn infants","volume":"13","author":"Romeo","year":"1991","journal-title":"La Pediatria Medica e Chirurgica"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0012|cit12","first-page":"981","article-title":"Observation of curative effects of doxapram and aminophylline on primary premature apnea","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hebei Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0013|cit13","unstructured":"Doxapram for apnoea of prematurity (DoxAPrem) dosage study trialsearch.who.int\/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=ACTRN12621001163897"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0014|cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-3476(84)80568-5","article-title":"Doxapram in the treatment of idiopathic apnea of prematurity unresponsive to aminophylline","volume":"104","author":"Alpan","year":"1984","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatrics"},{"issue":"8484","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0015|cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(86)91796-4","article-title":"Low-dose doxapram for apnoea of prematurity","volume":"1","author":"Bairam","year":"1986","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0016|cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-3476(86)80786-7","article-title":"Physiologic effects of doxapram in idiopathic apnea of prematurity","volume":"108","author":"Barrington","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0017|cit17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.80.1.22","article-title":"Dose-response relationship of doxapram in the therapy for refractory idiopathic apnea of prematurity","volume":"80","author":"Barrington","year":"1987","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0018|cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1159\/000457668","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of doxapram in idiopathic apnea of prematurity","volume":"11","author":"Beaudry","year":"1988","journal-title":"Developmental Pharmacology and Therapeutics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0019|cit19","first-page":"359","article-title":"Low-dose doxapram for apnea unresponsive to aminophylline in very low birth weight infants","volume":"11","author":"Brion","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Perinatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0020|cit20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cater G Shaffer S Hall RT Doxapram for apnea of prematurity Journal of Pediatrics 1986 109 3 563 10.1016\/s0022-3476(86)80146-9 3746554","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(86)80146-9"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0021|cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.12681","article-title":"Amplitude-integrated electroencephalography shows that doxapram influences the brain activity of preterm infants","volume":"103","author":"Czaba-Hnizdo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Paediatrica"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0022|cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1159\/000088287","article-title":"Brain hemodynamic effects of doxapram in preterm infants","volume":"89","author":"Dani","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biology of the Neonate"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0023|cit23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dear PR Wheeler D Doxapram and neonatal apnoea Archives of Disease in Childhood 1984 59 9 903 4 10.1136\/adc.59.9.903-a 6486873","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.59.9.903-a"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0024|cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F416","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2012-303089","article-title":"Doxapram and hypokalaemia in very preterm infants","volume":"98","author":"Fischer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Archives of Disease in Childhood"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0025|cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1007\/s40272-016-0192-2","article-title":"Doxapram dosing for apnea of prematurity based on postmenstrual age and gender: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"18","author":"Greze","year":"2016","journal-title":"Paediatric Drugs"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0026|cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1973.tb02965.x","article-title":"The use of doxapram in the newborn","volume":"80","author":"Gupta","year":"1973","journal-title":"Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the British Commonwealth"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0027|cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1159\/000457699","article-title":"Doxapram dosage regimen in apnea of prematurity based on pharmacokinetic data","volume":"11","author":"Jamali","year":"1988","journal-title":"Developmental Pharmacology and Therapeutics"},{"issue":"8-9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0028|cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1991.tb11949.x","article-title":"Low-dose doxapram therapy in premature infants and its CSF and serum concentrations","volume":"80","author":"Kumita","year":"1991","journal-title":"Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0029|cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1159\/000014160","article-title":"Effect of doxapram on episodes of apnoea, bradycardia and hypoxaemia in preterm infants","volume":"76","author":"Poets","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biology of the Neonate"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0030|cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251047","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/251047","article-title":"Doxapram use for apnoea of prematurity in neonatal intensive care","volume":"2013","author":"Prins","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0031|cit31","first-page":"269","article-title":"Neurodevelopment and cognitive outcome of prematurely born children exposed to doxapram (DOX) in the neonatal period","volume":"1520","author":"Roignot","year":"2014","journal-title":"E-PAS"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0032|cit32","first-page":"123","article-title":"Oral administration of doxapram in preterm neonates with aminophylline-resistant idiopathic apnea crisis","volume":"17","author":"Romeo","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pediatria Medica e Chirurgica"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0033|cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-3476(87)80368-2","article-title":"Doxapram for apnea of prematurity","volume":"111","author":"Rose","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0034|cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.59.3.281","article-title":"Idiopathic apnoea of prematurity treated with doxapram and aminophylline","volume":"59","author":"Sagi","year":"1984","journal-title":"Archives of Disease in Childhood"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0035|cit35","first-page":"248","article-title":"Long-term neurodevelopmental outcome after doxapram use for apnea of prematurity","volume":"2917","author":"Ten Hove","year":"2014","journal-title":"E-PAS"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0036|cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1159\/000444006","article-title":"Long-term neurodevelopmental outcome after doxapram for apnea of prematurity","volume":"110","author":"Ten Hove","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0037|cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1159\/000448941","article-title":"Doxapram treatment for apnea of prematurity: a systematic review","volume":"111","author":"Vliegenthart","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0038|cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A404","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2014-307384.1124","article-title":"Prospective observational study of doxapram for the treatment of apnea of prematurity","volume":"99","author":"Winter","year":"2014","journal-title":"Archives of Disease in Childhood"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0039|cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1442-200x.2001.01359.x","article-title":"Low-dose doxapram therapy for idiopathic apnea of prematurity","volume":"43","author":"Yamazaki","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics International"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0040|cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-198502000-00016","article-title":"Aminophylline versus doxapram in weaning premature infants from mechanical ventilation: preliminary report","volume":"13","author":"Eyal","year":"1985","journal-title":"Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0041|cit41","unstructured":"Clinical phase III multi-centric, double-blind, double dummy, randomised study to compare safety and efficacy of dopram\u00ae (Doxapram hydrochloride) to caffeine cooper (caffeine citrate) in the treatment of apnoeic premature babies trialsearch.who.int\/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=EUCTR2007"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0042|cit42","unstructured":"Doxapram therapy in preterm infants (DOXA trial) clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT04430790"},{"issue":"4 Pt 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0043|cit43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.4.914","article-title":"Apnea, sudden infant death syndrome, and home monitoring","volume":"111","author":"Committee on Fetus and Newborn American Academy of Pediatrics","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0044|cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.04.025","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of theophylline versus CO2 inhalation for treating apnea of prematurity","volume":"153","author":"Al-Saif","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0045|cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-999357","article-title":"Gastrointestinal absorption of doxapram in neonates","volume":"8","author":"Bairam","year":"1991","journal-title":"American Journal of Perinatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0046|cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e878","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-2568","article-title":"Infant functional status: the timing of physiologic maturation of premature infants","volume":"123","author":"Bakewell-Sachs","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0047|cit47","first-page":"200","volume-title":"Effective care of the newborn infant","author":"Bancalari","year":"1992"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0048|cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-3476(86)80786-7","article-title":"Physiologic effects of doxapram in idiopathic apnea of prematurity","volume":"108","author":"Barrington","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0049|cit49","volume-title":"Bayley Scales of Infant Development","author":"Bayley","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0050|cit50","volume-title":"Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development","author":"Bayley","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0051|cit51","first-page":"352","volume-title":"Respiratory Control Disorders in Infants and Children","author":"Beckerman","year":"1992"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0052|cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-197801000-00001","article-title":"Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. Therapeutic decisions based upon clinical staging","volume":"187","author":"Bell","year":"1978","journal-title":"Annals of Surgery"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0053|cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcped.2004.10.024","article-title":"Determinants of doxapram utilization: a survey of practice in the French neonatal and intensive care units","volume":"12","author":"Benard","year":"2005","journal-title":"Archives de P\u00e9diatrie"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0054|cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-008043645-6\/50082-3","volume-title":"Handbook of Psychological Assessment","author":"Beres","year":"2000"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0055|cit55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.2165\/00128072-200305030-00006","article-title":"Treatment of apnea of prematurity","volume":"5","author":"Bhatt-Mehta","year":"2003","journal-title":"Paediatric Drugs"},{"issue":"4 Pt 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0056|cit56","first-page":"846","article-title":"Recommended treatment of apnea in premature infants. A review based on literature and own experience","volume":"12","author":"Bober","year":"2008","journal-title":"Medycyna Wieku Rozwojowego"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0057|cit57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1021\/jm00326a004","article-title":"Excretion, distribution and metabolism of doxapram hydrochloride","volume":"8","author":"Bruce","year":"1965","journal-title":"Journal of Medicinal Chemistry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0058|cit58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013873.pub2","article-title":"Caffeine dosing regimens in preterm infants with or at risk for apnea of prematurity","author":"Bruschettini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0059|cit59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1002\/(sici)1099-0496(199901)27:1<14::aid-ppul4>3.0.co;2-0","article-title":"Early childhood neurodevelopment in very low birth weight infants with predischarge apnea","volume":"27","author":"Cheung","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatric Pulmonology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0060|cit60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.1041281","article-title":"Clinical trial registration: a statement from the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors","volume":"171","author":"De Angelis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Canadian Medical Association Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0061|cit61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-3476(98)70197-0","article-title":"Second-degree atrioventricular heart block after doxapram administration","volume":"133","author":"De Villiers","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0062|cit62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/s0166-4328(05)80189-5","article-title":"The spectrum of leukomalacia using cranial ultrasound","volume":"49","author":"Vries","year":"1992","journal-title":"Behavioural Brain Research"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0063|cit63","unstructured":"Deeks JJ Higgins JP Altman DG Chapter 10: Analysing data and undertaking meta-analyses. In: Higgins JP, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 6.1 (updated September 2020). Cochrane, 2020 Available from training.cochrane.org\/handbook\/archive\/v6.1"},{"issue":"3 pt 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0064|cit64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.100.3.354","article-title":"Apnea frequently persists beyond term gestation in infants delivered at 24 to 28 weeks","volume":"100","author":"Eichenwald","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0065|cit65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18010187","article-title":"Neuroprotection by caffeine in hyperoxia-induced neonatal brain injury","volume":"18","author":"Endesfelder","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0066|cit66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1159\/000513413","article-title":"The pharmacokinetics of caffeine in preterm newborns: no influence of doxapram but important maturation with age","volume":"118","author":"Engbers","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0067|cit67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Finer NN Barrington KJ Doxapram and neurodevelopmental outcome Journal of Pediatrics 2002 141 2 296 7 10.1067\/mpd.2002.126008 12183737","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2002.126008"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0068|cit68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F416","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2012-303089","article-title":"Doxapram and hypokalaemia in very preterm infants","volume":"98","author":"Fischer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Archives of Disease in Childhood \u2013 Fetal and Neonatal Edition"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0069|cit69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.13761","article-title":"Retrospective study shows that doxapram therapy avoided the need for endotracheal intubation in most premature neonates","volume":"106","author":"Flint","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Paediatrica"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0070|cit70","first-page":"115","volume-title":"Respiratory Control and Disorders in the Newborn","author":"Gauda","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0071|cit71","unstructured":"GRADEpro GDT Grade Working Group, McMaster University 2014"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0072|cit72","volume-title":"The Abilities of Babies: a Study in Mental Measurement","author":"Griffiths","year":"1954"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0073|cit73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.1981.tb01957.x","article-title":"The effect of gestational age on the incidence and duration of recurrent apnoea in newborn babies","volume":"17","author":"Henderson-Smart","year":"1981","journal-title":"Australian Paediatric Journal"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0074|cit74","volume-title":"Pulmonary Problems in the Perinatal Period and their Sequelae","author":"Henderson-Smart","year":"1995"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0075|cit75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000140.pub2","article-title":"Methylxanthine treatment for apnoea in preterm infants","author":"Henderson-Smart","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0076|cit76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000432.pub2","article-title":"Prophylactic methylxanthine for prevention of apnoea in preterm infants","author":"Henderson-Smart","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0077|cit77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000139.pub2","article-title":"Prophylactic methylxanthines for endotracheal extubation in preterm infants","author":"Henderson-Smart","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0078|cit78","unstructured":"Higgins JP Altman DG Sterne JA Chapter 8: Assessing risk of bias in included studies. In: Higgins JP, Churchill R, Chandler J, Cumpston MS, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.2.0 (updated June 2017). Cochrane, 2017 Available from training.cochrane.org\/handbook\/archive\/v5.2"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0079|cit79","unstructured":"Higgins JP Thomas J Chandler J Cumpston M Li T Page MJ Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.1 (updated September 2020). Cochrane, 2020 Available from training.cochrane.org\/handbook\/archive\/v6.1"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0080|cit80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e164396","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2016.4396","article-title":"Variation in performance of neonatal intensive care units in the United States","volume":"171","author":"Horbar","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0081|cit81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2004.05.045","article-title":"Cardiorespiratory events detected by home memory monitoring and one-year neurodevelopmental outcome","volume":"145","author":"Hunt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatrics"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0082|cit82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.123.7.991","article-title":"The international classification of retinopathy of prematurity revisited","volume":"123","author":"International Committee for the Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity","year":"2005","journal-title":"Archives of Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0083|cit83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003311.pub3","article-title":"Cooling for newborns with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy","author":"Jacobs","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0084|cit84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7211182","article-title":"Apnea is associated with neurodevelopmental impairment in very low birth weight infants","volume":"24","author":"Janvier","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Perinatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0085|cit85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.04.040","article-title":"The effect of caffeine on diaphragmatic activity and tidal volume in preterm infants","volume":"167","author":"Kraaijenga","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0086|cit86","first-page":"217","volume-title":"Neonatal and Pediatric Pharmacology: Therapeutic Principles in Practice","author":"Lopes","year":"2004"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0087|cit87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e366","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-1567","article-title":"Epidemiology of apnea and bradycardia resolution in premature infants","volume":"128","author":"Lorch","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0088|cit88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1067\/mcp.2001.120761","article-title":"QT interval lengthening in premature infants treated with doxapram","volume":"70","author":"Maillard","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0089|cit89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-0865","article-title":"Olfactory stimulation prevents apnea in premature newborns","volume":"115","author":"Mariler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0090|cit90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013830","article-title":"Methylxanthine for the prevention and treatment of apnea in preterm infants","author":"Marques","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0091|cit91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e59","DOI":"10.1542\/neo.3-4-e59","article-title":"Pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying apnea of prematurity","volume":"3","author":"Martin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neoreviews"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0092|cit92","volume-title":"Fanaroff and Martin's Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine","author":"Martin","year":"2020"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0093|cit93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2010.126","article-title":"Apnea of prematurity: pathogenesis and management strategies","volume":"31","author":"Mathew","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Perinatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0094|cit94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-115-4-323","article-title":"Methylxanthines in the treatment of asthma: the rise, the fall, and the possible rise again","volume":"115","year":"1991","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0095|cit95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7216-9654-6.50092-8","volume-title":"Fetal and Neonatal Physiology","author":"Miller","year":"2004"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0096|cit96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-2986","article-title":"Therapeutic drug monitoring for caffeine in preterm neonates: an unnecessary exercise?","volume":"119","author":"Natarajan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0097|cit97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1997.tb07414.x","article-title":"Development and reliability of a system to classify gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy","volume":"39","author":"Palisano","year":"1997","journal-title":"Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0098|cit98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-3476(78)80282-0","article-title":"Incidence and evolution of subependymal and intraventricular hemorrhage: a study of infants with birth weights less than 1,500 gm","volume":"92","author":"Papile","year":"1978","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0099|cit99","first-page":"295","volume-title":"Respiratory Control and Disorders in the Newborn","author":"Poets","year":"2003"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0100|cit100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101072","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2019.101072","article-title":"Intermittent hypoxia and long-term neurological outcome: how are they related?","volume":"25","author":"Poets","year":"2020","journal-title":"Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0101|cit101","unstructured":"Review Manager Web (RevMan Web) The Cochrane Collaboration 2023"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0102|cit102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2112","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa054065","article-title":"Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity","volume":"354","author":"Schmidt","year":"2006","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0103|cit103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1893","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa073679","article-title":"Long-term effects of caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity","volume":"357","author":"Schmidt","year":"2007","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0104|cit104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.2024","article-title":"Survival without disability to age 5 years after neonatal caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity","volume":"307","author":"Schmidt","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0105|cit105","unstructured":"Sch\u00fcnemann H Bro\u017cek J Guyatt G Oxman A Handbook for grading the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations using the GRADE approach (updated October 2013). GRADE Working Group, 2013 Available from gdt.guidelinedevelopment.org\/app\/handbook\/handbook.html"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0106|cit106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.82.4.527","article-title":"Abnormal pulmonary outcomes in premature infants: prediction from oxygen requirement in the neonatal period","volume":"82","author":"Shennan","year":"1988","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0107|cit107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/164_2016_71","article-title":"Xanthines and phosphodiesterase inhibitors","volume":"237","author":"Spina","year":"2017","journal-title":"Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0108|cit108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.12.011","article-title":"Evidence-based methylxanthine use in the NICU","volume":"39","author":"Spitzer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clinics in Perinatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0109|cit109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2001.119592","article-title":"Isolated mental developmental delay in very low birth weight infants: association with prolonged doxapram therapy for apnea","volume":"139","author":"Sreenan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0110|cit110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adnc.2005.02.010","article-title":"A primer on apnea of prematurity","volume":"5","author":"Stokowski","year":"2005","journal-title":"Advances in Neonatal Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0111|cit111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1159\/000243342","article-title":"Clinical and physiological responses to prolonged nasogastric administration of doxapram for apnea of prematurity","volume":"59","author":"Tay-Uyboco","year":"1991","journal-title":"Biology of the Neonate"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0112|cit112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0127-7","article-title":"Bronchopulmonary dysplasia","volume":"5","author":"Th\u00e9baud","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Disease Primers"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0113|cit113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1159\/000448941","article-title":"Doxapram treatment for apnea of prematurity: a systematic review","volume":"111","author":"Vliegenthart","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0114|cit114","unstructured":"World Bank County and Lending Groups data.worldbank.org\/country"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0115|cit115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1527-3458.2006.00236.x","article-title":"A new look at the respiratory stimulant doxapram","volume":"12","author":"Yost","year":"2006","journal-title":"CNS Drug Reviews"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0116|cit116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-011-1409-6","article-title":"Apnea of prematurity: from cause to treatment","volume":"170","author":"Zhao","year":"2011","journal-title":"European Journal of Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0117|cit117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145","article-title":"Doxapram for the prevention and treatment of apnea in preterm infants","author":"Evans","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0118|cit118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000074","article-title":"Doxapram for apnea in preterm infants","author":"Henderson-Smart","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0119|cit119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000074","article-title":"Doxapram for apnea in preterm infants","author":"Henderson-Smart","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0120|cit120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001966","article-title":"Prophylactic doxapram for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants undergoing endotracheal extubation","author":"Henderson-Smart","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0121|cit121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000074","article-title":"Doxapram for apnea in preterm infants","author":"Henderson-Smart","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0122|cit122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000074.pub2","article-title":"Doxapram treatment for apnea in preterm infants","author":"Henderson-Smart","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2-BIB0123|cit123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000075","article-title":"Doxapram versus methylxanthine for apnea in preterm infants","author":"Henderson-Smart","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"}],"container-title":["Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]],"date-time":"2024-09-04T17:00:51Z","timestamp":1725469251000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/14651858.CD014145.pub2"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"name":"Cochrane Neonatal Group","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]]},"references-count":123,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.cd014145.pub2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1465-1858"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1465-1858","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]]}}}