{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T17:36:58Z","timestamp":1774460218309,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["wiley.com","cochranelibrary.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd014212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]],"date-time":"2025-01-28T11:51:01Z","timestamp":1738065061000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Dexmedetomidine for analgesia and sedation for procedural pain or discomfort in newborn infants"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2025","author":[{"given":"Nai Ming","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine; Taylor's University; Subang Jaya Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Fiander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cochrane Neonatal; Vermont Oxford Network; Burlington Vermont USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Cracknell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cochrane Neonatal; Vermont Oxford Network; Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics; Monash University; Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Romantsik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Paediatrics; Lund University, Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital; Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3 Pt 2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0001|cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S9","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-0620C","article-title":"Summary proceedings from the neonatal pain-control group","volume":"117","author":"Anand","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0002|cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.300.1.60","article-title":"Epidemiology and treatment of painful procedures in neonates in intensive care units","volume":"300","author":"Carbajal","year":"2008","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0003|cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000013953","article-title":"Clinical importance of pain and stress in preterm neonates","volume":"73","author":"Anand","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biology of the Neonate"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0004|cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1701","article-title":"The development of nociceptive circuits","volume":"6","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0005|cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"hzu006","DOI":"10.1093\/biohorizons\/hzu006","article-title":"'Neonates do not feel pain': a critical review of the evidence","volume":"7","author":"Marchant","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioscience Horizons: The International Journal of Student Research"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0006|cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e06356","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.06356","article-title":"fMRI reveals neural activity overlap between adult and infant pain","volume":"4","author":"Goksan","year":"2015","journal-title":"eLife"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0007|cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2006.02.007","article-title":"Long-term consequences of pain in human neonates","volume":"11","author":"Grunau","year":"2006","journal-title":"Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0008|cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.12293","article-title":"Neonatal pain","volume":"24","author":"Walker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatric Anesthesia"},{"issue":"Pt 2(0 2)","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0009|cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2015.06.020","article-title":"Persistent changes in peripheral and spinal nociceptive processing after early tissue injury","volume":"275","author":"Walker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Experimental Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0010|cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22545","article-title":"Neonatal intensive care unit stres is associated with brain development in preterm infants","volume":"70","author":"Smith","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annals of Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0011|cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22267","article-title":"Procedural pain and brain development in premature newborns","volume":"71","author":"Brummelte","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annals of Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0012|cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.2217\/pmt.13.61","article-title":"Early repetitive pain in preterm infants in relation to the developing brain","volume":"4","author":"Ranger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pain Management"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0013|cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2013.04.009","article-title":"Neonatal pain-related stress, functional cortical activity and visual-perceptual abilities in school-age children born at extremely low gestational age","volume":"154","author":"Doesburg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0014|cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2014.16","article-title":"Impact of repeated procedural pain-related stress in infants born very preterm","volume":"75","author":"Vinall","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatric Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0015|cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7211822","article-title":"Procedural pain guidelines for the newborn in the United Kingdom","volume":"28","author":"McKechnie","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Perinatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0016|cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e3181fe14cf","article-title":"Pain in Canadian NICUs: have we improved over the past 12 years?","volume":"27","author":"Johnston","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clinical Journal of Pain"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0017|cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2011.05837.x","article-title":"Pain management in neonates: a survey of nurses and doctors","volume":"68","author":"Akuma","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Advanced Nursing"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0018|cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2012.733783","article-title":"Pain management during invasive procedures at Italian NICUs: has anything changed in the last five years?","volume":"26","author":"Lago","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0019|cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2231","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-2277","article-title":"Prevention and management of pain in the neonate: an update","volume":"118","author":"Barrington","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0020|cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2009.01291.x","article-title":"Guidelines for procedural pain in the newborn","volume":"98","author":"Lago","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Paediatrica"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0021|cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2009.01659.x","article-title":"Evidenced-based clinical practice guideline for management of newborn pain","volume":"46","author":"Spence","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0022|cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2007.07.002","article-title":"Do ventilated neonates require pain management?","volume":"31","author":"Hall","year":"2007","journal-title":"Seminars in Perinatology"},{"issue":"9422","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0023|cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16251-X","article-title":"Effects of morphine analgesia in ventilated preterm neonates: primary outcomes from the NEOPAIN randomised trial","volume":"363","author":"Anand","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0024|cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706301","article-title":"Potential of ketamine and midazolam, individually or in combination, to induce apoptotic neurodegeneration in the infant mouse brain","volume":"146","author":"Young","year":"2005","journal-title":"British Journal of Pharmacology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0025|cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2010.03506.x","article-title":"Anesthesia and neurotoxicity to the developing brain: the clinical relevance","volume":"21","author":"Davidson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatric Anesthesia"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0026|cit26","unstructured":"Zwicker JG Miller SP Grunau RE Chau V Synnes A Poskitt KJ Morphine exposure is associated with altered cerebellar growth in premature newborns Pediatric Academic Societies Annual Meeting; 2012 April 28-May 1; Boston (MA) 2012"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0027|cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2011.10.008","article-title":"A pilot study of preemptive morphine analgesia in preterm neonates: effects on head circumference, social behavior, and response latencies in early childhood","volume":"34","author":"Ferguson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology and Teratology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0028|cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1532-2149.2013.00431.x","article-title":"Internalizing behaviours in school-age children born very preterm are predicted by neonatal pain and morphine exposure","volume":"18","author":"Ranger","year":"2014","journal-title":"European Journal of Pain"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0029|cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2011.02.017","article-title":"Long-term effects of routine morphine infusion in mechanically ventilated neonates on children's functioning: Five-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial","volume":"152","author":"Graaf","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0030|cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2012.12.006","article-title":"Does neonatal morphine use affect neuropsychological outcomes at 8 to 9 years of age?","volume":"154","author":"Graaf","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0031|cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028015606732","article-title":"Brain injury and development in preterm infants exposed to fentanyl","volume":"49","author":"McPherson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annals of Pharmacotherapy"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0032|cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2008.145565","article-title":"Analgosedation in neonates: do we still need additional tools after 30 years of clinical research?","volume":"96","author":"Thewissen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Archives of Disease in Childhood. Education and Practice Edition"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0033|cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1080\/08998280.2001.11927725","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine: a novel sedative-analgesic agent","volume":"14","author":"Gertler","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proceedings (Baylor University Medical Center)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0034|cit34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.5863\/1551-6776-15.1.17","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine use in pediatric intensive care and procedural sedation","volume":"15","author":"Buck","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0035|cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0b013e3181a00b7a","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine use in a pediatric cardiac intensive care unit: can we use it in infants after cardiac surgery?","volume":"10","author":"Chrysostomou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatric Critical Care Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0036|cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.56","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine vs midazolam for sedation of critically ill patients: a randomized trial","volume":"301","author":"Riker","year":"2009","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0037|cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.304","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine vs midazolam or propofol for sedation during prolonged mechanical ventilation: two randomized controlled trials","volume":"307","author":"Jakob","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0038|cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aen263","article-title":"Balancing paediatric anaesthesia: preclinical insights into analgesia, hypnosis, neuroprotection, and neurotoxicity","volume":"101","author":"Sanders","year":"2008","journal-title":"British Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0039|cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2009.02177.x","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine provides cortical neuroprotection: impact on anaesthetic-induced neuroapoptosis in the rat developing brain","volume":"54","author":"Sanders","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0040|cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7775","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.15517","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine attenuates propofol-induced apoptosis of neonatal hippocampal astrocytes by inhibiting the Bcl2l1 signalling pathway","volume":"54","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"European Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0041|cit41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4439","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S228220","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine promotes hippocampal neurogenesis and improves spatial learning and memory in neonatal rats","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Design, Development and Therapy"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0042|cit42","first-page":"348","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine in paediatric anaesthesia","volume":"20","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"British Journal of Anaesthesia Education"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0043|cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2013.10.002","article-title":"A phase II\/III, multicenter, safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetic study of dexmedetomidine in preterm and term neonates","volume":"164","author":"Chrysostomou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0044|cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e001460","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjpo-2022-001460","article-title":"Sedation and analgesia from prolonged pain and stress during mechanical ventilation in preterm infants: is dexmedetomidine an alternative to current practice?","volume":"6","author":"Ojha","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Paediatrics Open"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0045|cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1002\/jcph.904","article-title":"Population pharmacokinetics of dexmedetomidine in infants","volume":"57","author":"Greenberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Pharmacology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0046|cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.12318","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of dexmedetomidine combined with therapeutic hypothermia in a piglet asphyxia model","volume":"58","author":"Ezzati","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0047|cit47","unstructured":"Precedex (dexmedetomidine) package insert Lake Forest (IL): Hospira, Inc 2008"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0048|cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199212000-00014","article-title":"Effects of intravenous dexmedetomidine in humans: II. Hemodynamic changes","volume":"77","author":"Bloor","year":"1992","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0049|cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2009.05.013","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine and propofol in complex microlaryngeal surgery in infants","volume":"73","author":"Quezado","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0050|cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aer332","article-title":"Suspected opioid-induced hyperalgesia in an infant","volume":"108","author":"Hallett","year":"2012","journal-title":"British Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0051|cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2012.03865.x","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine infusion for sedation in the intensive care setting in an infant with airway compromise due to congenital mediastinal neuroblastoma","volume":"22","author":"Shiota","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatric Anesthesia"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0052|cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2012.05.011","article-title":"Epileptic seizures induced by dexmedetomidine in a neonate","volume":"35","author":"Kubota","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain & Development"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0053|cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.13110","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine sedation combined with caudal anesthesia for lower abdominal and extremity surgery in ex-preterm and full-term infants","volume":"27","author":"Waurick","year":"2017","journal-title":"Paediatric Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0054|cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028018812089","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine use in a tertiary care NICU: a descriptive study","volume":"53","author":"Dersch-Mills","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annals of Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0055|cit55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770511","DOI":"10.3389\/fpain.2021.770511","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine use in infants undergoing cooling due to neonatal encephalopathy (DICE Trial): a randomized controlled trial: background, aims and study protocol","volume":"2","author":"Baserga","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Pain Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0056|cit56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.5863\/1551-6776-20.2.112","article-title":"Characterization of dexmedetomidine dosing and safety in neonates and infants","volume":"20","author":"Estkowski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0057|cit57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-011-0092-8","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine: applications for the pediatric patient with congenital heart disease","volume":"32","author":"Tobias","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatric Cardiology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0058|cit58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e234103","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.41033","article-title":"Use of dexmedetomidine and opioids in hospitalized preterm infants","volume":"6","author":"Curtis","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Network Open"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0059|cit59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.08.075","article-title":"Medication use in the neonatal intensive care unit and changes from 2010 to 2018","volume":"240","author":"Stark","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0060|cit60","unstructured":"Higgins JP Lasserson T Thomas J Flemyng E Churchill R Methodological Expectations of Cochrane Intervention Reviews (Version August 2023). Standards for the conduct of new Cochrane Intervention Reviews, and the planning and conduct of updates community.cochrane.org\/mecir-manual"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0061|cit61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0062|cit62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012361","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine for analgesia and sedation in newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0063|cit63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2017.0073","article-title":"The meaning of \"breastfeeding\" is changing and so must our language about it","volume":"12","author":"Rasmussen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Breastfeeding Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0064|cit64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2022057988","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2022-057988","article-title":"Policy statement: breastfeeding and the use of human milk","volume":"150","author":"Meek","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0065|cit65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2019-317501","article-title":"Core outcomes in neonatology: development of a core outcome set for neonatal research","volume":"105","author":"Webbe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal and Neonatal Edition"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0066|cit66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PCC.0000149318.40279.1A","article-title":"Assessment of sedation levels in pediatric intensive care patients can be improved by using the COMFORT \"behavior\" scale","volume":"6","author":"Ista","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatric Critical Care Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0067|cit67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000002046","article-title":"The use and reporting of neonatal pain scales: a systematic review of randomized trials","volume":"162","author":"Olsson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0068|cit68","first-page":"59","article-title":"The development of a tool to assess neonatal pain","volume":"12","author":"Lawrence","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neonatal Network"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0069|cit69","first-page":"17","article-title":"Measuring pain in neonates: evaluating an instrument and developing a common language","volume":"12","author":"Hodgkinson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0070|cit70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-199603000-00004","article-title":"Premature Infant Pain Profile: development and initial validation","volume":"12","author":"Stevens","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clinical Journal of Pain"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0071|cit71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2014.01.005","article-title":"Validation of the premature infant pain profile-revised (PIPP-R)","volume":"90","author":"Gibbins","year":"2014","journal-title":"Early Human Development"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0072|cit72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/S0095-5108(18)30030-7","article-title":"Blood pressure measurements in the newborn","volume":"26","author":"Nuntnarumit","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clinics in Perinatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0073|cit73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-010-1755-z","article-title":"Hypertension in infancy: diagnosis, management and outcome","volume":"27","author":"Dionne","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatric Nephrology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0074|cit74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1097\/00004703-199810000-00005","article-title":"The Bayley scales of infant development-II and children with developmental delays: a clinical perspective","volume":"19","author":"Washington","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0075|cit75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2022.3079","article-title":"Utility of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire to identify developmental delay in children aged 12 to 60 months: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"176","author":"Muthusamy","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0076|cit76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2016.01.021","article-title":"PRESS Peer Review of Electronic Search Strategies: 2015 guideline statement","volume":"75","author":"McGowan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0077|cit77","unstructured":"Covidence Veritas Health Innovation 2024"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0078|cit78","unstructured":"Li T Higgins JP Deeks JJ Chapter 5: Collecting data (chapter last updated October 2019). In: Higgins JP, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.5 (updated August 2024). Cochrane, 2024 Available from www.training.cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0079|cit79","unstructured":"Higgins JP Savovi\u0107 J Page MJ Elbers RG Sterne JA Chapter 8: Assessing risk of bias in a randomized trial. In: Higgins JP, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.4 (updated August 2023). Cochrane, 2023 Available from training.cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0080|cit80","unstructured":"Higgins JP Thomas J Chandler J Cumpston M Li T Page MJ Welch VA Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 6.4 (updated August 2023). Cochrane, 2023 Available from training.cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0081|cit81","unstructured":"Eldridge S Campbell MK Campbell MJ Drahota AK Giraudeau B Reeves BC Revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2). Additional considerations for cluster-randomized trials (RoB 2 CRT) https:\/\/www.riskofbias.info\/welcome\/rob-2-0-tool\/rob-2-for-cluster-randomized-trials"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0082|cit82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0258(20010215)20:3&lt;391::aid-sim800&gt;3.0.co;2-z","article-title":"Cluster trials in implementation research: estimation of intracluster correlation coefficients and sample size","volume":"20","author":"Campbell","year":"2001","journal-title":"Statistics in Medicine"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0083|cit83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2598","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.270.21.2598","article-title":"Users' guides to the medical literature. II. How to use an article about therapy or prevention. A. Are the results of the study valid? Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group","volume":"270","author":"Guyatt","year":"1993","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0084|cit84","unstructured":"Review Manager (RevMan) The Cochrane Collaboration 2024"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0085|cit85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1136\/eb-2014-101794","article-title":"How to interpret meta-analysis models: fixed effect and random effects meta-analyses","volume":"17","author":"Nikolakopoulou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Evidence-Based Mental Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0086|cit86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989x.6.2.161","article-title":"Meta-analysis of correlation coefficients: a Monte Carlo comparison of fixed- and random-effects methods","volume":"6","author":"Field","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychological Methods"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0087|cit87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"l6890","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l6890","article-title":"Synthesis without meta-analysis (SWiM) in systematic reviews: reporting guideline","volume":"368","author":"Campbell","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0088|cit88","unstructured":"Welch VA Petkovic J Jull J Hartling L Klassen T Kristjansson E Chapter 16: Equity and specific populations. In: Higgins JP, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.4 (updated August 2023). Cochrane, 2023 Available from www.training.cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0089|cit89","unstructured":"Sch\u00fcnemann H Bro\u017cek J Guyatt G Oxman A Handbook for grading the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations using the GRADE approach (updated October 2013). GRADE Working Group, 2013 Available from gdt.guidelinedevelopment.org\/app\/handbook\/handbook.html"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014212-BIB0090|cit90","unstructured":"GRADEpro GDT McMaster University (developed by Evidence Prime) 2024"}],"container-title":["Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]],"date-time":"2025-01-28T11:51:09Z","timestamp":1738065069000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/14651858.CD014212"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"name":"Cochrane Central Editorial Service","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]]},"references-count":90,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.cd014212","relation":{},"ISSN":["1465-1858"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1465-1858","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]]}}}