{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T20:49:47Z","timestamp":1792702187130,"version":"4.5.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd014691","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]],"date-time":"2025-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743033600000}}],"reference-count":166,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["wiley.com","cochranelibrary.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd014691.pub2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]],"date-time":"2025-03-29T11:12:10Z","timestamp":1743246730000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Non-pharmacological and non-surgical treatments for low back pain in adults: an overview of Cochrane reviews"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2025","author":[{"given":"Rodrigo RN","family":"Rizzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health; The University of New South Wales; Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Pain IMPACT; Neuroscience Research Australia; Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aidan G","family":"Cashin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health; The University of New South Wales; Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Pain IMPACT; Neuroscience Research Australia; Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedict M","family":"Wand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences; The University of Notre Dame Australia; Fremantle Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael C","family":"Ferraro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health; The University of New South Wales; Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Pain IMPACT; Neuroscience Research Australia; Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saurab","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health; The University of New South Wales; Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Pain IMPACT; Neuroscience Research Australia; Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Pain Management and Research Centre; Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District; Sydney, NSW 2065 Australia"},{"name":"Pain Management Research Institute, Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health; The University of Sydney and Northern Sydney Local Health District; Sydney, NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hopin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS); University of Oxford; Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edel","family":"O'Hagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Pain IMPACT; Neuroscience Research Australia; Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Westmead Applied Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health; The University of Sydney; Westmead Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher G","family":"Maher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney School of Public Health; The University of Sydney; Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Institute for Musculoskeletal Health; The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District; Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea D","family":"Furlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Work & Health; Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurits W","family":"van Tulder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences; VU University Amsterdam; Amsterdam Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James H","family":"McAuley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health; The University of New South Wales; Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Pain IMPACT; Neuroscience Research Australia; Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0001|cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009711.pub2","article-title":"The McKenzie method for (sub)acute non-specific low back pain","author":"Almeida","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0002|cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007612.pub2","article-title":"Advice to rest in bed versus advice to stay active for acute low-back pain and sciatica","author":"Dahm","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0003|cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009169.pub3","article-title":"Therapeutic ultrasound for chronic low back pain","author":"Ebadi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0004|cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004057.pub3","article-title":"Individual patient education for low back pain","author":"Engers","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0005|cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009852.pub2","article-title":"Muscle energy technique for non-specific low-back pain","author":"Franke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0006|cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004750.pub2","article-title":"Superficial heat or cold for low back pain","author":"French","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0007|cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001351.pub2","article-title":"Acupuncture and dry-needling for low back pain","author":"Furlan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0008|cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001929.pub3","article-title":"Massage for low-back pain","author":"Furlan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0009|cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011674.pub2","article-title":"Exercise therapy for treatment of non-specific low back pain","author":"Hayden","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0010|cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009790.pub2","article-title":"Exercise therapy for chronic low back pain","author":"Hayden","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0011|cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002014.pub3","article-title":"Behavioural treatment for chronic low-back pain","author":"Henschke","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0012|cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000963.pub3","article-title":"Multidisciplinary biopsychosocial rehabilitation for chronic low back pain","author":"Kamper","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0013|cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003008.pub3","article-title":"Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) versus placebo for chronic low-back pain","author":"Khadilkar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0014|cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012085","article-title":"Motor control exercise for acute non-specific low back pain","author":"Macedo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0015|cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002193.pub2","article-title":"Multidisciplinary biopsychosocial rehabilitation for subacute low back pain","author":"Marin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0016|cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013814","article-title":"Acupuncture for chronic nonspecific low back pain","author":"Mu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0017|cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004504.pub4","article-title":"Herbal medicine for low-back pain","author":"Oltean","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0018|cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011674.pub2","article-title":"Back Schools for chronic non-specific low back pain","author":"Parreira","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0019|cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012487.pub2","article-title":"Workplace interventions for increasing standing or walking for decreasing musculoskeletal symptoms in sedentary workers","author":"Parry","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0020|cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008325.pub2","article-title":"Back schools for acute and subacute non-specific low-back pain","author":"Poquet","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0021|cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008112.pub2","article-title":"Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low-back pain","author":"Rubinstein","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0022|cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008880.pub2","article-title":"Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low-back pain","author":"Rubinstein","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0023|cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012004","article-title":"Motor control exercise for chronic non-specific low-back pain","author":"Saragiotto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0024|cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001822.pub3","article-title":"Physical conditioning as part of a return to work strategy to reduce sickness absence for workers with back pain","author":"Schaafsma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0025|cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003009.pub2","article-title":"Neuroreflexotherapy for non-specific low-back pain","author":"Urrutia","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0026|cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001823.pub3","article-title":"Lumbar supports for prevention and treatment of low back pain","author":"Van Duijvenbode","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0027|cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005427.pub2","article-title":"Combined chiropractic interventions for low-back pain","author":"Walker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0028|cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003010.pub5","article-title":"Traction for low-back pain with or without sciatica","author":"Wegner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0029|cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010671.pub3","article-title":"Yoga for chronic non-specific low back pain","author":"Wieland","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0030|cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010265.pub2","article-title":"Pilates for low back pain","author":"Yamato","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0031|cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005107.pub4","article-title":"Low level laser therapy for nonspecific low-back pain","author":"Yousefi-Nooraie","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0032|cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000447.pub3","article-title":"WITHDRAWN: Spinal manipulative therapy for low-back pain","author":"Assendelft","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0033|cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008262.pub2","article-title":"Cold-water immersion (cryotherapy) for preventing and treating muscle soreness after exercise","author":"Bleakley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0034|cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006555.pub2","article-title":"Exercises for prevention of recurrences of low-back pain","author":"Choi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0035|cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010789.pub2","article-title":"Whole-body cryotherapy (extreme cold air exposure) for preventing and treating muscle soreness after exercise in adults","author":"Costello","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0036|cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010152.pub2","article-title":"Psychological therapies (Internet-delivered) for the management of chronic pain in adults","author":"Eccleston","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0037|cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010323.pub3","article-title":"Interventions for the reduction of prescribed opioid use in chronic non-cancer pain","author":"Eccleston","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0038|cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006094.pub2","article-title":"Interventions for improving the appropriate use of imaging in people with musculoskeletal conditions","author":"French","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0039|cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000210.pub2","article-title":"WITHDRAWN: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and acupuncture-like transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for chronic low back pain","author":"Gadsby","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0040|cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001254.pub3","article-title":"WITHDRAWN: Bed rest for acute low-back pain and sciatica","author":"Hagen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0041|cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011284.pub2","article-title":"Individual recovery expectations and prognosis of outcomes in non-specific low back pain: prognostic factor review","author":"Hayden","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0042|cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008686.pub2","article-title":"Red flags to screen for malignancy in patients with low-back pain","author":"Henschke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0043|cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000261.pub2","article-title":"Back schools for non-specific low-back pain","author":"Heymans","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0044|cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003632.pub2","article-title":"WITHDRAWN: Advice to stay active as a single treatment for low-back pain and sciatica","author":"Hilde","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0045|cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005956.pub2","article-title":"Interventions to improve adherence to exercise for chronic musculoskeletal pain in adults","author":"Jordan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0046|cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001984","article-title":"Multidisciplinary rehabilitation for fibromyalgia and musculoskeletal pain in working age adults","author":"Karjalainen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0047|cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003222.pub3","article-title":"WITHDRAWN: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for chronic pain","author":"Nnoaham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0048|cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008208.pub4","article-title":"Non-invasive brain stimulation techniques for chronic pain","author":"O'Connell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0049|cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005275.pub2","article-title":"Insoles for prevention and treatment of back pain","author":"Sahar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0050|cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005958.pub3","article-title":"Manual material handling advice and assistive devices for preventing and treating back pain in workers","author":"Verbeek","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0051|cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010671.pub2","article-title":"Yoga treatment for chronic non-specific low back pain","author":"Wieland","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0052|cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007407.pub4","article-title":"Psychological therapies for the management of chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults","author":"Williams","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0053|cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008159","article-title":"Workplace interventions for low-back pain in workers","author":"Aas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0054|cit54","first-page":"1204","article-title":"Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"10258","author":"Abbafati","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0055|cit55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e756","DOI":"10.1097\/PR9.0000000000000756","article-title":"The experiences and needs of people seeking primary care for low-back pain in Australia","volume":"4","author":"Ahern","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pain Reports"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0056|cit56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12885","article-title":"The effectiveness of virtual reality in patients with spinal pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Ahern","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pain Practice"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0057|cit57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2006.031237","article-title":"The effect of cryotherapy on nerve conduction velocity, pain threshold and pain tolerance","volume":"41","author":"Algafly","year":"2007","journal-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0058|cit58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013704","article-title":"Telerehabilitation for acute, subacute and chronic low back pain","author":"Almeida","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0059|cit59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-9877(95)90117-5","article-title":"Acupuncture from empiricism to science: functional background to acupuncture effects in pain and disease","volume":"45","author":"Andersson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Medical Hypotheses"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0060|cit60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2021.2669","article-title":"Effect of pain reprocessing therapy vs placebo and usual care for patients with chronic back pain: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"79","author":"Ashar","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0061|cit61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphys.2018.02.014","article-title":"Comparing interventions with network meta-analysis","volume":"64","author":"Bagg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Physiotherapy"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0062|cit62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.9930","article-title":"Effect of graded sensorimotor retraining on pain intensity in patients with chronic low back pain: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"28","author":"Bagg","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"379","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0063|cit63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60610-7","article-title":"Non-specific low back pain Epidemiology and natural history","volume":"379","author":"Balagu\u00e9","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0064|cit64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.07.015","article-title":"GRADE guidelines: 3. Rating the quality of evidence","volume":"64","author":"Balshem","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0065|cit65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.09.001","article-title":"The mechanisms of manual therapy in the treatment of musculoskeletal pain: a comprehensive model","volume":"14","author":"Bialosky","year":"2009","journal-title":"Manual Therapy"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0066|cit66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1515\/sjpain-2018-0124","article-title":"Transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS) for acute low back pain: systematic review","volume":"19","author":"Binny","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Pain"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0067|cit67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.2217\/pmt.15.39","article-title":"What effect can manual therapy have on a patient's pain experience?","volume":"5","author":"Bishop","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pain Management"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0068|cit68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.245","article-title":"The biopsychosocial model 25 years later: principles, practice, and scientific inquiry","volume":"2","author":"Borrell-Carrio","year":"2004","journal-title":"Annals of Family Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0069|cit69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physio.2019.11.004","article-title":"Towards more homogenous and rigorous methods in sham-controlled dry needling trials: two Delphi surveys","volume":"106","author":"Braithwaite","year":"2020","journal-title":"Physiotherapy"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0070|cit70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2384","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30488-4","article-title":"Low back pain: a call for action","volume":"391","author":"Buchbinder","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0071|cit71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2393","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000696","article-title":"Mechanisms, mechanisms, mechanisms: it really does all boil down to mechanisms","volume":"157","author":"Burns","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0072|cit72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.12.011","article-title":"Disentangling contextual effects from musculoskeletal treatments","volume":"29","author":"Cashin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis and Cartilage"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0073|cit73","first-page":"126","article-title":"Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: definitions and distinctions for health-related research","volume":"100","author":"Caspersen","year":"1985","journal-title":"Public Health Reports"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0074|cit74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001117","article-title":"Core outcome measurement instruments for clinical trials in nonspecific low back pain","volume":"159","author":"Chiarotto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0075|cit75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.7326\/M16-2459","article-title":"Nonpharmacologic therapies for low back pain: a systematic review for an American College of Physicians clinical practice guideline","volume":"166","author":"Chou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0076|cit76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2018.01.006","article-title":"Patients' perceived needs of health care providers for low back pain management: a systematic scoping review","volume":"18","author":"Chou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Spine Journal"},{"issue":"10267","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0077|cit77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2006","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32340-0","article-title":"Global estimates of the need for rehabilitation based on the Global Burden of Disease study 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"396","author":"Cieza","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0078|cit78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000222043.09835.72","article-title":"Traction for low back pain with or without sciatica: an updated systematic review within the framework of the Cochrane Collaboration","volume":"31","author":"Clarke","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0079|cit79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2006.12.008","article-title":"Do 'sliders' slide and 'tensioners' tension? An analysis of neurodynamic techniques and considerations regarding their application","volume":"13","author":"Coppieters","year":"2008","journal-title":"Manual Therapy"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0080|cit80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.111271","article-title":"The prognosis of acute and persistent low back pain: a meta analysis","volume":"184","author":"Costa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Canadian Medical Association Journal"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0081|cit81","unstructured":"Covidence Veritas Health Innovation 2025"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0082|cit82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2017.7415","article-title":"Risk of recurrence of low back pain: A systematic review","volume":"47","author":"Da Silva","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0083|cit83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.0734","article-title":"US health care spending by payer and health condition, 1996-2016","volume":"323","author":"Dieleman","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0084|cit84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2004.09.012","article-title":"Core outcome measures for chronic pain clinical trials: IMMPACT recommendations","volume":"113","author":"Dworkin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0085|cit85","first-page":"00415","article-title":"Optimizing and accelerating the development of precision pain treatments for chronic pain: IMMPACT review and recommendations","volume":"22","author":"Edwards","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0086|cit86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1195","article-title":"GetReal in network meta-analysis: a review of the methodology","volume":"7","author":"Efthimiou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Research Synthesis Methods"},{"issue":"10137","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0087|cit87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2368","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30489-6","article-title":"Prevention and treatment of low back pain: evidence, challenges, and promising directions","volume":"391","author":"Foster","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0088|cit88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181b1c99f","article-title":"2009 updated method guidelines for systematic reviews in the Cochrane Back Review Group","volume":"34","author":"Furlan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0089|cit89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Furlan AD Yazdi F Tsertsvadze A Lao L Sherman K Ammendolia C Acupuncture for (sub)acute non-specific low-back pain Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2011 8 10.1002\/14651858.CD009265","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009265"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0090|cit90","first-page":"1660","article-title":"2015 updated method guideline for systematic reviews in the Cochrane Back and Neck Group","volume":"40","author":"Furlan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0091|cit91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e039530","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-039530","article-title":"Patient education materials for non-specific low back pain and sciatica: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Furlong","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0092|cit92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2019.05.022","article-title":"Improvement needed in the network geometry and inconsistency of Cochrane network meta-analyses: a cross-sectional survey","volume":"113","author":"Gao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0093|cit93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2019.4917","article-title":"Mind-body therapies for opioid-treated pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"180","author":"Garland","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0094|cit94","first-page":"1","article-title":"Exercise increases pain self-efficacy in adults with nonspecific chronic low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"0","author":"Gilanyi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0095|cit95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e020869","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-020869","article-title":"A systematic assessment of Cochrane reviews and systematic reviews published in high-impact medical journals related to cancer","volume":"8","author":"Goldkuhle","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0096|cit96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.4103\/2249-4863.109934","article-title":"Systematic reviews and meta-analysis: Understanding the best evidence in primary healthcare","volume":"2","author":"Gopalakrishnan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal Family Medicine and Primary Care"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0097|cit97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-019-03959-6","article-title":"Check for publication integrity before misconduct","volume":"577","author":"Grey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0098|cit98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-022-05722-x","article-title":"Summarizing the effects of different exercise types in chronic low back pain - a systematic review of systematic reviews","volume":"23","author":"Grooten","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0099|cit99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-007-0391-1","article-title":"Systematic review of tests to identify the disc, SIJ or facet joint as the source of low back pain","volume":"16","author":"Hancock","year":"2007","journal-title":"European Spine Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0100|cit100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physio.2009.09.008","article-title":"A cognitive-behavioural programme for the management of low back pain in primary care: a description and justification of the intervention used in the Back Skills Training Trial","volume":"96","author":"Hansen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Physiotherapy"},{"issue":"10137","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0101|cit101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2356","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30480-X","article-title":"What low back pain is and why we need to pay attention","volume":"391","author":"Hartvigsen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0102|cit102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphys.2021.09.004","article-title":"Some types of exercise are more effective than others in people with chronic low back pain: a network meta-analysis","volume":"67","author":"Hayden","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Physiotherapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0103|cit103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1390","article-title":"Examining overlap of included studies in meta-reviews: Guidance for using the corrected covered area index","volume":"11","author":"Hennessy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Research Synthesis Methods"},{"issue":"jul07 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0104|cit104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a171","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.a171","article-title":"Prognosis in patients with recent onset low back pain in Australian primary care: inception cohort study","volume":"337","author":"Henschke","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0105|cit105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"d5928","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5928","article-title":"The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"343","author":"Higgins","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0106|cit106","unstructured":"Higgins JP Thomas J Chandler J Cumpston M Li T Page MJ Welch V Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 6.5 (updated August 2024). Cochrane, 2024 Available from https:\/\/training.cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0107|cit107","first-page":"e067718","article-title":"Psychological interventions for chronic, non-specific low back pain: systematic review with network meta-analysis","volume":"376","author":"Ho","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0108|cit108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(03)00003-8","article-title":"Core stability exercise in chronic low back pain","volume":"34","author":"Hodges","year":"2003","journal-title":"Orthopedic Clinics of North America"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0109|cit109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.26.1.1","article-title":"Meta-analysis of psychological interventions for chronic low back pain","volume":"26","author":"Hoffman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Health Psychology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0110|cit110","first-page":"g1687","article-title":"Better reporting of interventions: Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist and guide","volume":"348","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0111|cit111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000002723","article-title":"Blinding and sham control methods in trials of physical, psychological, and self-management interventions for pain (article I): a systematic review and description of methods","volume":"164","author":"Hohenschurz-Schmidt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0112|cit112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-018-0695-8","article-title":"An introduction to overviews of reviews: planning a relevant research question and objective for an overview","volume":"7","author":"Hunt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0113|cit113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009365","article-title":"Exercise therapy for acute non-specific low-back pain","author":"IJzelenberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0114|cit114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jesus-Moraleida FR Silva JP Pereira DS Domingues Dias JM Correa Dias R Ferreira ML Exercise therapy for older adults with low-back pain Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2016 4 10.1002\/14651858.CD012140","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012140"},{"issue":"7538","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0115|cit115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38726.603310.55","article-title":"Sham device v inert pill: randomised controlled trial of two placebo treatments","volume":"332","author":"Kaptchuk","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0116|cit116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-020-01412-8","article-title":"Effects of exercise therapy in patients with acute low back pain: a systematic review of systematic reviews","volume":"9","author":"Karlsson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0117|cit117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1866","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00441-5","article-title":"Cognitive functional therapy with or without movement sensor biofeedback versus usual care for chronic, disabling low back pain (RESTORE): a randomised, controlled, three-arm, parallel group, phase 3, clinical trial","volume":"401","author":"Kent","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7607","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0118|cit118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39223.428495.BE","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of sciatica","volume":"334","author":"Koes","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0119|cit119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.1996.2.23","article-title":"Acupuncture techniques and devices","volume":"2","author":"Lao","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine (New York, N.Y.)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0120|cit120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2017.04.001","article-title":"Causal mechanisms in the clinical course and treatment of back pain","volume":"30","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0121|cit121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.08.043","article-title":"Short-term effect of superficial heat treatment on paraspinal muscle activity, stature recovery, and psychological factors in patients with chronic low back pain","volume":"93","author":"Lewis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0122|cit122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphys.2019.05.010","article-title":"People with low back pain want clear, consistent and personalised information on prognosis, treatment options and self-management strategies: a systematic review","volume":"65","author":"Lim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Physiotherapy"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0123|cit123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010689","article-title":"Sling exercise therapy for chronic low-back pain","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0124|cit124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009712","article-title":"The McKenzie method for chronic non-specific low-back pain","author":"Machado","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"10070","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0125|cit125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30970-9","article-title":"Non-specific low back pain","volume":"389","author":"Maher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0126|cit126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012337","article-title":"Conservative interventions for urinary incontinence in women: an Overview of Cochrane systematic reviews","author":"McClurg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0127|cit127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-3-82","article-title":"A checklist designed to aid consistency and reproducibility of GRADE assessments: development and pilot validation","volume":"3","author":"Meader","year":"2014","journal-title":"Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0128|cit128","first-page":"114","article-title":"Myofascial trigger points: relation to acupuncture and mechanisms of pain","volume":"62","author":"Melzack","year":"1981","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0129|cit129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003008","article-title":"Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for chronic low back pain","author":"Milne","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0130|cit130","first-page":"h1258","article-title":"Process evaluation of complex interventions: Medical Research Council guidance","volume":"350","author":"Moore","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0131|cit131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2008.09.018","article-title":"Cochrane reviews used more rigorous methods than non-Cochrane reviews: survey of systematic reviews in physiotherapy","volume":"62","author":"Moseley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0132|cit132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2015.05.005","article-title":"Fifteen years of explaining pain: the past, present, and future","volume":"16","author":"Moseley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Pain"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0133|cit133","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) Low back pain and sciatica in over 16s: assessment and management. NICE guideline [NG59]; November 2016; last updated December 2020 https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ng59"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0134|cit134","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) Chronic pain (primary and secondary) in over 16s: assessment of all chronic pain and management of chronic primary pain. NICE guideline [NG193]; April 2021 https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ng193"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0135|cit135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"c3515","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c3515","article-title":"Small study effects in meta-analyses of osteoarthritis trials: meta-epidemiological study","volume":"341","author":"Nuesch","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0136|cit136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008208.pub5","article-title":"Non-invasive brain stimulation techniques for chronic pain","author":"O'Connell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0137|cit137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009416.pub2","article-title":"Interventions for treating pain and disability in adults with complex regional pain syndrome","author":"O'Connell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0138|cit138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010500","article-title":"Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for chronic low-back pain","author":"Odebiyi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0139|cit139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2791","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-018-5673-2","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for the management of non-specific low back pain in primary care: an updated overview","volume":"27","author":"Oliveira","year":"2018","journal-title":"European Spine Journal"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0140|cit140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2019-100886","article-title":"Which specific modes of exercise training are most effective for treating low back pain? Network meta-analysis","volume":"54","author":"Owen","year":"2020","journal-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0141|cit141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2022.07.006","article-title":"Experts identified warning signs of fraudulent research: a qualitative study to inform a screening tool","volume":"151","author":"Parker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0142|cit142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2022.05.002","article-title":"Proposing six criteria to improve reproducibility of \"usual care\" interventions in back pain trials: a systematic review","volume":"149","author":"Pascoe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0143|cit143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pieper D Antoine SL Mathes T Neugebauer EAM Eikermann M Systematic review finds overlapping reviews were not mentioned in every other overview Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 2014 67 368 75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2013.11.007"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0144|cit144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2013.07.019","article-title":"Cognitive and affective reassurance and patient outcomes in primary care: a systematic review","volume":"154","author":"Pincus","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0145|cit145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S201401","article-title":"A discrete choice experiment on preferences of patients with low back pain about non-surgical treatments: identification, refinement and selection of attributes and levels","volume":"13","author":"Poder","year":"2019","journal-title":"Patient Preference and Adherence"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0146|cit146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1557","article-title":"Graphical Representation of Overlap for OVErviews: GROOVE tool","volume":"13","author":"P\u00e9rez-Bracchiglione","year":"2022","journal-title":"Research Synthesis Methods"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0147|cit147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.7326\/M19-3602","article-title":"Nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic management of acute pain from non-low back, musculoskeletal injuries in adults: a clinical guideline from the American College of Physicians and American Academy of Family Physicians","volume":"173","author":"Qaseem","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0148|cit148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/S1529-9430(03)00174-8","article-title":"Exercise as a treatment for chronic low back pain","volume":"4","author":"Rainville","year":"2004","journal-title":"Spine Journal"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0149|cit149","first-page":"l689","article-title":"Benefits and harms of spinal manipulative therapy for the treatment of chronic low back pain: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"364","author":"Rubinstein","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0150|cit150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2019.10.014","article-title":"GRADE guidelines 26: informative statements to communicate the findings of systematic reviews of interventions","volume":"119","author":"Santesso","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0151|cit151","first-page":"1","article-title":"CONSORT 2010 Statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials","volume":"8","author":"Schulz","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0152|cit152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"j4008","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j4008","article-title":"AMSTAR 2: A critical appraisal tool for systematic reviews that include randomised or non-randomised studies of healthcare interventions, or both","volume":"358","author":"Shea","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0153|cit153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S91","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001235","article-title":"Exercise-induced pain and analgesia? Underlying mechanisms and clinical translation","volume":"159","author":"Sluka","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0154|cit154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-098983","article-title":"Musculoskeletal pain and exercise - Challenging existing paradigms and introducing new","volume":"53","author":"Smith","year":"2019","journal-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0155|cit155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD015083","article-title":"Models of care for managing non-specific low back pain","author":"Sridhar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0156|cit156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2015.0217","article-title":"Effect of primary care based education on reassurance in patients with acute low back pain systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"175","author":"Traeger","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0157|cit157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0144980","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0144980","article-title":"Systematic differences between Cochrane and non-Cochrane meta-analyses on the same topic: a matched pair analysis","volume":"10","author":"Useem","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0158|cit158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-010-1518-3","article-title":"A systematic review on the effectiveness of physical and rehabilitation interventions for chronic non-specific low back pain","volume":"20","author":"Van Middelkoop","year":"2011","journal-title":"European Spine Journal"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0159|cit159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2128","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199709150-00012","article-title":"Conservative treatment of acute and chronic nonspecific low back pain. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials of the most common interventions","volume":"22","author":"Van Tulder","year":"1997","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0160|cit160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000065484.95996.AF","article-title":"Updated method guidelines for systematic reviews in The Cochrane Collaboration Back Review Group","volume":"28","author":"Van Tulder","year":"2003","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0161|cit161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-006-1071-2","article-title":"Chapter 3. European guidelines for the management of acute nonspecific low back pain in primary care","volume":"15","author":"Van Tulder","year":"2006","journal-title":"European Spine Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0162|cit162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.2217\/pmt.14.13","article-title":"Using TENS for pain control: the state of the evidence","volume":"4","author":"Vance","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pain Management"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0163|cit163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2019.02.003","article-title":"Aspects influencing clinical reasoning and decision-making when matching treatment to patients with low back pain in primary healthcare","volume":"41","author":"Widerstr\u00f6m","year":"2019","journal-title":"Musculoskeletal Science Practice"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0164|cit164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.1314","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of pain neuroscience education for chronic low back pain: short-and long-term outcomes of pain and disability","volume":"23","author":"Wood","year":"2019","journal-title":"European Journal of Pain (London, England)"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0165|cit165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2020.102307","article-title":"Why is exercise prescribed for people with chronic low back pain? A review of the mechanisms of benefit proposed by clinical trialists","volume":"51","author":"Wun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Musculoskeletal Science and Practice"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2-BIB0166|cit166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014691","article-title":"Non-pharmacological and non-surgical treatments for low back pain in adults: an overview of Cochrane Reviews","author":"Cashin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"}],"container-title":["Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T17:50:20Z","timestamp":1784829020000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/14651858.CD014691.pub2"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"name":"Cochrane Central Editorial Service","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]]},"references-count":166,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.cd014691.pub2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1465-1858"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1465-1858","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]]}}}