{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T11:01:54Z","timestamp":1792494114711,"version":"4.5.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd014789","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]],"date-time":"2023-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678147200000}}],"reference-count":125,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["wiley.com","cochranelibrary.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd014789.pub2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T19:15:58Z","timestamp":1678130158000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Spinal cord stimulation for low back pain"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2023","author":[{"given":"Adrian C","family":"Traeger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Musculoskeletal Health; The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District; Sydney Australia"},{"name":"School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health; The University of Sydney; Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen E","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Musculoskeletal Health; The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District; Sydney Australia"},{"name":"School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health; The University of Sydney; Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian A","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Musculoskeletal Health; The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District; Sydney Australia"},{"name":"South West Sydney Clinical School; University of New South Wales; Liverpool Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher G","family":"Maher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Musculoskeletal Health; The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District; Sydney Australia"},{"name":"School of Public Health; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney; Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0001|cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12771","article-title":"Prospective, randomised, sham-control, double blind, crossover trail of subthreshold spinal cord stimulation at various kilohertz frequencies in subjects suffering from failed back surgery syndrome (SCS Frequency Study)","volume":"21","author":"Al-Kaisy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0002|cit2","first-page":"e232","article-title":"Subject therapy preference post randomized phase in a spinal cord stimulation study using higher frequencies","volume":"20","author":"Al-Kaisy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0003|cit3","unstructured":"Randomized controlled double-blind cross-over trial evaluating the role of frequencies on spinal cord stimulation in the management of failed back surgery syndrome (SCS Frequency Study) clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT01750229"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0004|cit4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2013.01.040","article-title":"Burst spinal cord stimulation for limb and back pain","volume":"80","author":"De Ridder","year":"2013","journal-title":"World Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0005|cit5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12368","article-title":"Burst and tonic spinal cord stimulation: different and common brain mechanisms","volume":"19","author":"De Ridder","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0006|cit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1097\/01.j.pain.0000460342.69718.a2","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulation attenuates temporal summation in patients with neuropathic pain","volume":"156","author":"Eisenberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0007|cit7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.13321","article-title":"Analgesic efficacy of \"burst\" and tonic (500 Hz) spinal cord stimulation patterns: a randomized placebo-controlled crossover study","volume":"24","author":"Eldabe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0008|cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.18231","article-title":"Effect of spinal cord burst stimulation vs placebo stimulation on disability in patients with chronic radicular pain after lumbar spine surgery: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"328","author":"Hara","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0009|cit9","unstructured":"Spinal cord burst stimulation for chronic radicular pain following lumbar spine surgery clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT03546738"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0010|cit10","unstructured":"Comparison of HF10 therapy combined with Conventional Medical Managment (CMM) to CMM alone in the treatment of chronic back pain www.isrctn.com\/ISRCTN87648175"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0011|cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.3171\/2021.12.SPINE211301","article-title":"Treatment of nonsurgical refractory back pain with high-frequency spinal cord stimulation at 10 kHz: 12-month results of a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized controlled trial","volume":"37","author":"Kapural","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0012|cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12945","article-title":"High-frequency spinal cord stimulation at 10 kHz for the treatment of nonsurgical refractory back pain: design of a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized controlled trial","volume":"21","author":"Patel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pain Practice"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0013|cit13","first-page":"E286","article-title":"Taking spinal cord stimulation beyond failed back surgery syndrome: design of a multicenter RCT","volume":"22","author":"Province-Azalde","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0014|cit14","first-page":"S45","article-title":"Function and quality of life in failed back surgery syndrome patients following spinal cord stimulation and conventional medical management","volume":"13","author":"Eldabe","year":"2009","journal-title":"European Journal of Pain"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0015|cit15","first-page":"S135","article-title":"Pain in failed back surgery syndrome patients following spinal cord stimulation and conventional medical management","volume":"13","author":"Eldabe","year":"2009","journal-title":"European Journal of Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0016|cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1403.2009.00271.x","article-title":"An analysis of the components of pain, function, and health-related quality of life in patients with failed back surgery syndrome treated with spinal cord stimulation or conventional medical management","volume":"13","author":"Eldabe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0017|cit17","unstructured":"A prospective, randomised, controlled, multicentre study to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of spinal cord stimulation using the Synergy System in reducing pain in patients with failed back surgery syndrome compared to conventional medical management (PROCESS study) isrctn.com\/ISRCTN77527324 10.1186\/ISRCTN77527324"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0018|cit18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2008.09.088","article-title":"Poster 60: Spinal cord stimulation versus conventional medical management: long-term results from the PROCESS Study: a multi-center randomized controlled trial of patients with failed back surgery syndrome","volume":"89","author":"Jacques","year":"2008","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0019|cit19","first-page":"294","article-title":"Function and health-related quality of life in failed back surgery syndrome patients following spinal cord stimulation and conventional medical management","volume":"11","author":"Kumar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pain Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0020|cit20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1227\/01.neu.0000358714.49444.da","article-title":"In-depth analysis of the improvement in pain, function and quality of life in patients with failed back surgery syndrome after spinal cord stimulation and conventional medical management","volume":"65","author":"Kumar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0021|cit21","first-page":"85","article-title":"PA238 Changes in pain, function and quality of life in patients with failed back surgery syndrome treated with spinal cord stimulation or conventional medical management","volume":"9","author":"Kumar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pain Practice"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0022|cit22","first-page":"294","article-title":"Pain outcomes in failed back surgery syndrome patients following spinal cord stimulation and conventional medical management","volume":"11","author":"Kumar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pain Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0023|cit23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000325731.46702.D9","article-title":"The effects of spinal cord stimulation in neuropathic pain are sustained: a 24-month follow-up of the prospective randomized controlled multicenter trial of the effectiveness of spinal cord stimulation","volume":"63","author":"Kumar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0024|cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2007.07.028","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulation versus conventional medical management for neuropathic pain: a multicentre randomised controlled trial in patients with failed back surgery syndrome","volume":"132","author":"Kumar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0025|cit25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S122","DOI":"10.1016\/S1090-3801(06)60461-8","article-title":"458 Spinal cord stimulation versus conventional medical management: a multicentre randomised controlled trial of patients with failed back surgery syndrome (PROCESS Study)","volume":"10","author":"Kumar","year":"2006","journal-title":"European Journal of Pain"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0026|cit26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000325731.46702.D9","article-title":"The effects of spinal cord stimulation in neuropathic pain are sustained: a 24-month follow-up of the prospective randomized controlled multicenter trial of the effectiveness of spinal cord stimulation. Commentary","volume":"63","author":"Loeser","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0027|cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2008.01.014","article-title":"Quality of life, resource consumption and costs of spinal cord stimulation versus conventional medical management in neuropathic pain patients with failed back surgery syndrome (PROCESS trial)","volume":"12","author":"Manca","year":"2008","journal-title":"European Journal of Pain"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0028|cit28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surneu.2007.06.056","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulation vs conventional medical management: a multicenter randomized controlled trial of patients with failed back surgery syndrome (PROCESS Study)","volume":"68","author":"Milbouw","year":"2007","journal-title":"Surgical Neurology"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0029|cit29","first-page":"A162","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulation vesus conventional medical management: preliminary long-term results from the PROCESS study: a multi-center randomized controlled trial investigating the treatment of patients with failed back surgery syndrome","volume":"70","author":"North","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0030|cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12027","article-title":"Analgesic efficacy of high-frequency spinal cord stimulation: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study","volume":"16","author":"Perruchoud","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0031|cit31","unstructured":"Prospective, randomized study of multicolumn implantable lead stimulation for predominant low back pain clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT01697358"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0032|cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.13141","article-title":"Postoperative infections associated with prolonged spinal cord stimulation trial duration (PROMISE RCT)","volume":"23","author":"North","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0033|cit33","first-page":"e11","article-title":"Perioperative infections and prolonged SCS trial duration (PROMISE study)","volume":"21","author":"North","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0034|cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001510","article-title":"Multicolumn spinal cord stimulation for predominant back pain in failed back surgery syndrome patients: a multicenter randomized controlled trial","volume":"160","author":"Rigoard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0035|cit35","first-page":"e74","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulation for predominant low back pain in failed back surgery syndrome: design and enrollment of an international multicenter randomized controlled trial (PROMISE Study)","volume":"16","author":"Rigoard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"issue":"376","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0036|cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"[10 p.]","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-14-376","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulation for predominant low back pain in failed back surgery syndrome: study protocol for an international multicenter randomized controlled trial (PROMISE study)","volume":"14","author":"Rigoard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0037|cit37","first-page":"E614","article-title":"Multicolumn spinal cord stimulation for predominant back pain in failed back surgery syndrome patients: An international multicenter randomized trial (PROMISE study)","volume":"20","author":"Rigoard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"issue":"68","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0038|cit38","first-page":"68","article-title":"Burst or tonic stimulation' first results of a placebo controlled, doubled blinded, randomized study for the treatment of FBSS patients","volume":"14","author":"Schu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pain Practice"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0039|cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12197","article-title":"A prospective, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to examine the effectiveness of burst spinal cord stimulation patterns for the treatment of failed back surgery syndrome","volume":"17","author":"Schu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"issue":"S1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0040|cit40","first-page":"74","article-title":"Burst or tonic stimulation? Results of a placebo controlled, double blinded, randomized study for the treatment of FBSS patients - 2 year follow-up","volume":"16","author":"Vesper","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain Practice"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0041|cit41","first-page":"e170","article-title":"Burst or tonic stimulation? Results of a placebo controlled, double blinded, randomized study for the treatment of FBSS patients - 3 year follow-up","volume":"20","author":"Vesper","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0042|cit42","unstructured":"Comparison of effectiveness of tonic, high frequency and burst spinal cord stimulation in chronic pain syndromes clinicaltrials.gov\/show\/NCT03957395"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0043|cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9092810","article-title":"Sub-perception and supra-perception spinal cord stimulation in chronic pain syndrome: a randomized, semi-double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"9","author":"Sokal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0044|cit44","unstructured":"Direct comparison of spinal cord stimulator parameter settings clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT05283863"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0045|cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12357","article-title":"Paresthesia-free high-density spinal cord stimulation for postlaminectomy syndrome in a prescreened population: a prospective case series","volume":"19","author":"Sweet","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0046|cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1532-2149.2011.00060.x","article-title":"Effects of sub-perception threshold spinal cord stimulation in neuropathic pain: a randomized controlled double-blind crossover study","volume":"16","author":"Wolter","year":"2012","journal-title":"European Journal of Pain"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0047|cit47","unstructured":"HFS ONE: is high frequency spinal cord stimulation more effective than sham treatment during a 20 day trial period for lumbar spine pain and leg pain? A randomised double-blinded placebo-controlled cross over trial anzctr.org.au\/Trial\/Registration\/TrialReview.aspx?id=365853"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0048|cit48","unstructured":"Assessing the outcomes of patients who undergo spinal cord stimulation compared to patients who undergo spinal fusion surgery for the treatment of chronic low back pain anzctr.org.au\/Trial\/Registration\/TrialReview.aspx?id=373866"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0049|cit49","first-page":"E294","article-title":"Non-invasive high-frequency impulse neuromodulation for treatment of chronic back pain: a multicenter, randomized, sham-controlled trial","volume":"22","author":"Amirdelfan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0050|cit50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2241","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181b02988","article-title":"The effect of electrical stimulation on lumbar spinal fusion in older patients: a randomized, controlled, multi-center trial. Part 2: fusion rates","volume":"34","author":"Andersen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0051|cit51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.13345","article-title":"One-year results of prospective research study using 10 kHz spinal cord stimulation in persistent nonoperated low back pain of neuropathic origin: Maiden Back Study","volume":"24","author":"Baranidharan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"issue":"696","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0052|cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-020-04587-6","article-title":"Comparison of conventional, burst and high-frequency spinal cord stimulation on pain relief in refractory failed back surgery syndrome patients: study protocol for a prospective randomized double-blinded cross-over trial (MULTIWAVE study)","volume":"21","author":"Billot","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0053|cit53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2401","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnx241","article-title":"Prospective, randomized blind effect-on-outcome study of conventional vs high-frequency spinal cord stimulation in patients with pain and disability due to Failed Back Surgery Syndrome","volume":"18","author":"De Andres","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pain Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0054|cit54","first-page":"e99","article-title":"A prospective, randomized, multi-center, controlled clinical trial to assess the safety and efficacy of the spinal modulation Axium neurostimulation system in the treatment of chronic pain (Accurate Trial): trial design","volume":"18","author":"Deer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0055|cit55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12698","article-title":"Success using neuromodulation with burst (SUNBURST) study: results from a prospective, randomized controlled trial using a novel burst waveform","volume":"21","author":"Deer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0056|cit56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2820","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001977","article-title":"Does a screening trial for spinal cord stimulation in patients with chronic pain of neuropathic origin have clinical utility and cost-effectiveness (TRIAL-STIM)? A randomised controlled trial","volume":"161","author":"Eldabe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0057|cit57","unstructured":"Pain perception evaluation with paresthesia independent spinal cord stimulation therapy www.isrctn.com\/ISRCTN13607429"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0058|cit58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000000774","article-title":"Novel 10-kHz High-frequency Therapy (HF10 Therapy) is superior to traditional low-frequency spinal cord stimulation for the treatment of chronic back and leg pain","volume":"123","author":"Kapural","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0059|cit59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.944","article-title":"Preferred frequencies and waveforms for spinal cord stimulation in patients with complex regional pain syndrome: a multicentre, double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled crossover trial","volume":"21","author":"Kriek","year":"2017","journal-title":"European Journal of Pain"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0060|cit60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S1754-3207(10)70414-4","article-title":"The effect of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) on sensory changes in neuropathic pain","volume":"4","author":"Maclver","year":"2010","journal-title":"European Journal of Pain Supplements"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0061|cit61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000131","article-title":"Effect of spinal cord stimulation on sensory characteristics: a randomized, blinded crossover study","volume":"31","author":"Meier","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clinical Journal of Pain"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0062|cit62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30414-4","article-title":"Long-term safety and efficacy of closed-loop spinal cord stimulation to treat chronic back and leg pain (Evoke): a double-blind, randomised, controlled trial","volume":"19","author":"Mekhail","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Neurology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0063|cit63","unstructured":"Restore claims characterization study clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT00200122"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0064|cit64","unstructured":"Effects of programming parameters on back pain relief in subthreshold spinal cord stimulation clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT01550562"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0065|cit65","unstructured":"Effects of spinal cord stimulation on sensory perceptions of chronic pain patients clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT02837822"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0066|cit66","unstructured":"Tsunami DRG high frequency stimulation study clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT03312010"},{"issue":"1-4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0067|cit67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1159\/000098631","article-title":"A prospective, randomized study of spinal cord stimulation versus reoperation for failed back surgery syndrome: initial results","volume":"62","author":"North","year":"1994","journal-title":"Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0068|cit68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000144839.65524.E0","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulation versus repeated lumbosacral spine surgery for chronic pain: a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"56","author":"North","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0069|cit69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.13015","article-title":"Outcomes of a multicenter, prospective, crossover, randomized controlled trial evaluating subperception spinal cord stimulation at <=1.2 kHz in previously implanted subjects","volume":"23","author":"North","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0070|cit70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuchi.2014.10.105","article-title":"Multicolumn spinal cord stimulation for significant low back pain in failed back surgery syndrome: design of a national, multicentre, randomized, controlled health economics trial (ESTIMET Study)","volume":"61","author":"Roulaud","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurochiurgie"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0071|cit71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12746","article-title":"Effects of rate on analgesia in kilohertz frequency spinal cord stimulation: results of the PROCO Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"21","author":"Thomson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0072|cit72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12429","article-title":"Effect of burst stimulation evaluated in patients familiar with spinal cord stimulation","volume":"19","author":"Tjepkema-Cloostermans","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0073|cit73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnw286","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) with anatomically guided (3D) neural targeting shows superior chronic axial low back pain relief compared to traditional SCS\u2014LUMINA Study","volume":"18","author":"Veizi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pain Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0074|cit74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12883","article-title":"Therapeutic efficacy of Burst DR microdosing in treatment of chronic pain","volume":"22","author":"Vesper","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0075|cit75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12883","article-title":"Burst SCS microdosing is as efficacious as standard burst SCS in treating chronic back and leg pain: results from a randomized controlled trial","volume":"22","author":"Vesper","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0076|cit76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12572","article-title":"Differential mechanisms of action between paresthesia and paresthesia-free SCS: a PET study","volume":"20","author":"Mekel-Bobrov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0077|cit77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13\u2013e106","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12277","article-title":"Optimization of stimulation location is essential to sub-perception SCS: results of a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial","volume":"18","author":"Miller","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0078|cit78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1\u2013e158","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12428","article-title":"Paresthesia-free high-density SCS for postlaminectomy syndrome in a pre-screened population: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study (10079)","volume":"19","author":"Miller","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0079|cit79","unstructured":"An evaluation of spinal cord stimulation for the treatment of chronic pain, also its effect on mood, sleep, physical activity and analgesic medicine requirements anzctr.org.au\/Trial\/Registration\/TrialReview.aspx?id=379835&isReview=true"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0080|cit80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-020-05013-7","article-title":"Efficacy of different spinal cord stimulation paradigms for the treatment of chronic neuropathic pain (PARS-trial): study protocol for a double-blinded, randomized, and placebo-controlled crossover trial","volume":"22","author":"Ahmadi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trials"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0081|cit81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-019-3831-4","article-title":"Multicentre, double-blind, randomised, sham-controlled trial of 10\u2009khz high-frequency spinal cord stimulation for chronic neuropathic low back pain (MODULATE-LBP): a trial protocol","volume":"21","author":"Al-Kaisy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0082|cit82","unstructured":"Comparison of spinal cord stimulation in combination with standard pain treatment versus standard pain treatment only in patients with intractable chronic back pain without previous history of spine surgery www.isrctn.com\/ISRCTN10663814"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0083|cit83","unstructured":"Senza spinal cord stimulation system for the treatment of chronic back and leg pain in failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) patients www.isrctn.com\/ISRCTN33292457 10.1186\/ISRCTN33292457"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0084|cit84","unstructured":"PET patterns, biomarkers and outcome in burst SCS treated FBSS patients (PET-SCS) clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT03419312"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0085|cit85","unstructured":"Efficacy of spinal cord stimulation in patients with a failed back surgery syndrome clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT03462147"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0086|cit86","unstructured":"Burst spinal cord stimulation (Burst-SCS) study clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT03718325"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0087|cit87","unstructured":"Efficacy and safety of spinal cord stimulation in patients with chronic intractable pain clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT03858790"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0088|cit88","unstructured":"Spinal cord stimulation vs. medical management for low back pain (DISTINCT) clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT04479787"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0089|cit89","unstructured":"SCS as an option for chronic low back and\/or leg pain instead of surgery (SOLIS) clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT04676022"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0090|cit90","unstructured":"Sensory testing of multiple forms of spinal cord stimulation for pain clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT04732325"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0091|cit91","first-page":"e8","article-title":"High frequency spinal cord stimulation (HFSCS) at 10 kHz plus conventional medical management (CMM) versus conventional medical management alone for the treatment of non-surgical back pain","volume":"22","author":"Reiters","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0092|cit92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001117","article-title":"Core outcome measurement instruments for clinical trials in nonspecific low back pain","volume":"159","author":"Chiarotto","year":"2018","journal-title":"PAIN"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0093|cit93","unstructured":"Covidence Veritas Health Innovation"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0094|cit94","unstructured":"Deeks JJ Higgins JP Altman DG Chapter 10: Analysing data and undertaking meta-analyses. In: Higgins JP, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 6.2 (updated February 2021). Cochrane, 2021 Available from training.cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0095|cit95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31815e7f94","article-title":"A consensus approach toward the standardization of back pain definitions for use in prevalence studies","volume":"33","author":"Dionne","year":"2008","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0096|cit96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001689","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of placebo\/sham controlled randomised trials of spinal cord stimulation for neuropathic pain.","volume":"161","author":"Duarte","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"10159","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0097|cit97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32279-7","article-title":"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study","volume":"392","author":"GBD 2017 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0098|cit98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E33","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj\/2016.19.E33","article-title":"Effectiveness of spinal cord stimulation in chronic spinal pain: a systematic review","volume":"19","author":"Grider","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0099|cit99","first-page":"E333","article-title":"What low back pain is and why we need to pay attention","volume":"18","author":"Hartvigsen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0100|cit100","unstructured":"Higgins JP Altman DG Chapter 8: Assessing risk of bias in included studies. In: Higgins JP, Green S (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 (updated March 2011). The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011 Available from handbook-5-1.cochrane.org"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0101|cit101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Higgins JP Thomas J Chandler J Cumpston M Li T Page MJ Welch VA Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 6.1 (updated September 2020). Cochrane, 2020 Available from training.cochrane.org\/handbook","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119536604"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0102|cit102","unstructured":"Higgins JP Eldridge S Li T Chapter 23: Including variants on randomized trials. In: Higgins JP, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 6.2 (updated February 2021). Cochrane, 2021 Available from training.cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0103|cit103","unstructured":"Higgins JP Li T Deeks JJ Chapter 6: Choosing effect measures and computing estimates of effect. In: Higgins JP, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 6.2 (updated February 2021). Cochrane, 2021 Available from www.training.cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0104|cit104","unstructured":"Higgins JP Li T Deeks JJ Chapter 6: Choosing effect measures and computing estimates of effect. In: Higgins JP, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 6.2 (updated February 2021). Cochrane, 2021 Available from training.cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0105|cit105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"g1687","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g1687","article-title":"Better reporting of interventions: template for intervention description and replication (TIDieR) checklist and guide","volume":"348","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0106|cit106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1097\/PTS.0000000000000971","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulators: an analysis of the adverse events reported to the Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration","volume":"18","author":"Jones","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Patient Safety"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0107|cit107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200008313430904","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulation in patients with chronic reflex sympathetic dystrophy","volume":"343","author":"Kemler","year":"2000","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0108|cit108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003783.pub3","article-title":"WITHDRAWN: Spinal cord stimulation for chronic pain","author":"Mailis-Gagnon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"3699","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0109|cit109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1126\/science.150.3699.971","article-title":"Pain mechanisms: a new theory","volume":"150","author":"Melzack","year":"1965","journal-title":"Science (New York, NY)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0110|cit110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1080\/01616412.2000.11740672","article-title":"Mechanisms of spinal cord stimulation in neuropathic pain","volume":"22","author":"Meyerson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurological Research"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0111|cit111","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence Neuropathic pain in adults: pharmacological management in non-specialist settings. Clinical guideline [CG173]; November 2013; updated September 2020 www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/cg173"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0112|cit112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E333","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2015\/18\/E333","article-title":"Low back pain: guidelines for the clinical classification of predominant neuropathic, nociceptive, or central sensitization pain","volume":"18","author":"Nijs","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0113|cit113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013756","article-title":"Implanted spinal neuromodulation interventions for chronic pain in adults","author":"O\u2019Connell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0114|cit114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013756.pub2","article-title":"Implanted spinal neuromodulation interventions for chronic pain in adults","author":"O'Connell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0115|cit115","unstructured":"Page MJ Higgins JP Sterne JA Chapter 13: Assessing risk of bias due to missing results in a synthesis. In: Higgins JP, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 6.2 (updated February 2021). Cochrane, 2021 Available from www.training.cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0116|cit116","unstructured":"PlotDigitizer Available at: automeris.io\/WebPlotDigitizer 2020"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0117|cit117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"b2535","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2535","article-title":"The PRISMA Group. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: the PRISMA Statement","volume":"339","author":"Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0118|cit118","unstructured":"Boston Scientific overtakes Medtronic in medical device market for back pain and Failed Back Surgery Syndrome; 2015 Available at: www.prweb.com\/releases\/2015\/02\/prweb12497221.htm"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0119|cit119","unstructured":"Review Manager Web (RevMan Web) The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration 2020"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0120|cit120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e31826f9a71","article-title":"Central sensitization and altered central pain processing in chronic low back pain: fact or myth?","volume":"29","author":"Roussel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clinical Journal of Pain"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0121|cit121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008880.pub2","article-title":"Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low-back pain","author":"Rubinstein","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0122|cit122","unstructured":"Sch\u00fcnemann HJ Vist GE Higgins JP Santesso N Deeks JJ Glasziou P Chapter 15: Interpreting results and drawing conclusions. In: Higgins JP, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 6.2 (updated February 2021). Cochrane, 2021 Available from training.cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0123|cit123","unstructured":"Sch\u00fcnemann HJ Higgins JP Vist GE Glasziou P Akl EA Skoetz N Chapter 14: Completing \u2018Summary of findings\u2019 tables and grading the certainty of the evidence. In: Higgins JP, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 6.2 (updated February 2021). Cochrane, 2021 Available from training.cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0124|cit124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E15","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.7.FOCUS15260","article-title":"Complications related to the use of spinal cord stimulation for managing persistent postoperative neuropathic pain after lumbar spinal surgery","volume":"39","author":"Shamji","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurosurgical Focus"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2-BIB0125|cit125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1177\/2049463713479096","article-title":"Failed back surgery syndrome \u2013 definition, epidemiology and demographics","volume":"7","author":"Thomson","year":"2013","journal-title":"British Journal of Pain"}],"container-title":["Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T15:06:04Z","timestamp":1757689564000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/14651858.CD014789.pub2"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"name":"Cochrane Back and Neck Group","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]]},"references-count":125,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.cd014789.pub2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1465-1858"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1465-1858","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]]}}}