{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T06:42:24Z","timestamp":1792651344533,"version":"4.5.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd014794","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765411200000}}],"reference-count":191,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["wiley.com","cochranelibrary.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd014794.pub2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T00:15:52Z","timestamp":1765412152000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["School feeding programs for improving the physical and psychological health of school children experiencing socioeconomic disadvantage"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2025","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6275-8584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Kristjansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor Emeritus, School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences; University of Ottawa; Ottawa Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1379-6859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Dignam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences; University of Ottawa; Ottawa Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3826-1439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anita","family":"Rizvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences; University of Ottawa; Ottawa Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9024-9727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muna","family":"Osman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences; University of Ottawa; Ottawa Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0262-5621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivia","family":"Magwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bruy\u00e8re Health Research Institute; Ottawa, Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Ottawa; Ottawa Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0133-4793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deborah","family":"Olarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor; Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, New York University; New York City USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3145-6014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliana FW","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition; Merrimack College & Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Adjunct Professor of Nutrition at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health  Professor of Nutrition and Director of the Center for Health Innovation, Research, and Policy at Merrimack College; Harvard University and Merrimack; North Andover, Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0343-0404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Krasevec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Burlington, Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8723-2546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanya","family":"Grover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nutrition Sciences; University of Ottawa; Ottawa Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4033-9669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick R","family":"Labelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Library; University of Ottawa; Ottawa Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9136-1029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer A","family":"Garner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences; University of Michigan School of Public Health; Ann Arbor MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6183-731X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Janzen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology & Division of Haematology\/Oncology; The Hospital for Sick Children; Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sydney","family":"Rossiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences; University of Ottawa; Ottawa Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Dewidar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Temerty Faculty of Medicine; University of Toronto; Toronto Canada"},{"name":"Equity Methods Group; Cochrane and Campbell Collaborations; Ottawa Canada"},{"name":"Bruyere Research Institute; University of Ottawa; Ottawa Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beverley","family":"Shea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ottawa Health Research Institute; University of Ottawa; Ottawa Canada"},{"name":"School of Epidemiology and Public Health; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Ottawa Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5238-7097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vivian","family":"Welch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bruy\u00e8re Health Research Institute; Ottawa Canada"},{"name":"School of Epidemiology and Public Health; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Ottawa Canada"},{"name":"Editor in Chief; Campbell Collaboration; Ottawa Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2289-9139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George A","family":"Wells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Epidemiology and Public Health; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Ottawa Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0001|cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2097","DOI":"10.1590\/1413-81232017227.02742017","article-title":"Health inequalities: a global perspective","volume":"22","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ci\u00eancia & Saude Coletiva"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0002|cit2","unstructured":"The state of food security and nutrition in the world 2024 \u2013 Financing to end hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition in all its forms https:\/\/openknowledge.fao.org\/items\/ebe19244-9611-443c-a2a6-25cec697b361 10.4060\/cd1254en"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0003|cit3","unstructured":"Welch VA Petkovic J Jull J Hartling L Klassen T Kristjansson E Chapter 16: Equity and specific populations (chapter last updated October 2019). In: Higgins JP, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 6.5. Cochrane, 2024 Available from https:\/\/www.cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0004|cit4","volume-title":"A Dictionary of Epidemiology Fourth Edition","author":"Last","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0005|cit5","volume-title":"Unhealthy Societies: The Afflictions of Inequality","author":"Wilkinson","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0006|cit6","first-page":"29","volume-title":"Forging Links for Health Research. Perspectives from the Council on Health Research for Development","author":"Tan-Torres\u00a0Edejer","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0007|cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195137408.001.0001","volume-title":"Challenging Inequities in Health: From Ethics to Action","author":"Diderichsen","year":"2001"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0008|cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-0009.00098","article-title":"Class, health, and justice","volume":"76","author":"Marchand","year":"1998","journal-title":"Milbank Quarterly"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0009|cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2013.08.005","article-title":"Applying an equity lens to interventions: using PROGRESS ensures consideration of socially stratifying factors to illuminate inequities in health","volume":"67","author":"O'Neill","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0010|cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.2190\/986L-LHQ6-2VTE-YRRN","article-title":"The concepts and principles of health equity","volume":"22","author":"Whitehead","year":"1992","journal-title":"International Journal of Health Services"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0011|cit11","unstructured":"Johnson K Socioeconomic differences in health, nutrition, and population within developing countries. An overview; September 2007 Available at tinyurl.com\/3n3xwrnj"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0012|cit12","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO) Malnutrition fact sheet. WHO, 2024 https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/malnutrition"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0013|cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1038\/s43016-023-00886-8","article-title":"The triple burden of malnutrition","volume":"4","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature Food"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0014|cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.3390\/children8020103","article-title":"Childhood malnutrition: Time for action","volume":"8","author":"Vassilakou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Children"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0015|cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530176","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.530176","article-title":"Establishing global school feeding programme targets: how many poor children globally should be prioritized, and what would be the cost of implementation?","volume":"8","author":"Drake","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0016|cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s13668-019-0268-z","article-title":"Micronutrients and brain development","volume":"8","year":"2019","journal-title":"Current Nutrition Reports"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0017|cit17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1093\/jae\/ejs010","article-title":"Educational and health impacts of two school feeding schemes: Evidence from a randomized trial in rural Burkina Faso","volume":"21","author":"Kazianga","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of African Economies"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0018|cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114523002660","article-title":"It is time: free meals at schools for all","volume":"131","author":"Bandoni","year":"2024","journal-title":"British Journal of Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0019|cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32417-0","article-title":"Investment in child and adolescent health and development: key messages from Disease Control Priorities, 3rd Edition","volume":"391","author":"Bundy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0020|cit20","volume-title":"Child and Adolescent Health and Development","volume":"Volume 8","author":"Brown","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0021|cit21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205031212211223","DOI":"10.1177\/20503121221122398","article-title":"Impact of malnutrition on the academic performance of school children in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Zerga","year":"2022","journal-title":"SAGE Open Medicine"},{"issue":"10320","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0022|cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01590","article-title":"Nutrition in adolescent growth and development","volume":"399","author":"Norris","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0023|cit23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117828","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.117828","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental effects of childhood malnutrition: A neuroimaging perspective","volume":"231","author":"Galler","year":"2021","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0024|cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e009330","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2022-009330","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental, cognitive, behavioural and mental health impairments following childhood malnutrition: a systematic review","volume":"7","author":"Kirolos","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Global Health"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0025|cit25","unstructured":"Mapping social protection intervention pathways to address barriers to girls\u2019 education. A visual guide. UNICEF, 2021 https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/reports\/mapping-social-protection-intervention-pathways-address-barriers-girls-education"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0026|cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21207","DOI":"10.1002\/cl2.1207","article-title":"Policies and interventions to remove gender-related barriers to girls' school participation and learning in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review of the evidence","volume":"18","author":"Psaki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Campbell Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0027|cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2016.12.004","article-title":"The health benefits of secondary education in adolescents and young adults: An international analysis in 186 low-, middle- and high-income countries from 1990 to 2013","volume":"3","author":"Viner","year":"2017","journal-title":"SSM - Population Health"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0028|cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-12-815970-5.00006-1","volume-title":"Handbook of Aging and the Social Sciences (Ninth Edition)","author":"Montez","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0029|cit29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-031816-044628","article-title":"The relationship between education and health: Reducing disparities through a contextual approach","volume":"39","author":"Zajacova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annual Review of Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0030|cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1515\/bejeap-2020-0046","article-title":"How education empowers women in developing countries","volume":"21","author":"Le","year":"2021","journal-title":"The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0031|cit31","volume-title":"The Routledge Handbook of Education and Economics","author":"Valero","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0032|cit32","unstructured":"Stepp L Top 10 reasons why female education is important. The Borgen Project, 2016 https:\/\/borgenproject.org\/top-10-reasons-female-education-important\/"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0033|cit33","unstructured":"United Nations System Standing Committee on Nutrition (UNSCN) Schools as a System to Improve Nutrition: A new statement for school-based food and nutrition interventions. UNSCN, 2017 https:\/\/gcnf.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/UNSCN-Schools-as-a-System-to-Improve-Nutrition-Sep-2017.pdf"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0034|cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36019\/9780813573342","volume-title":"Feeding the future: School lunch Programs as global social policy","author":"Rutledge","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0035|cit35","unstructured":"World Food Programme (WFP) Two minutes on school meals 2023. WFP, 2023 Available at https:\/\/www.wfp.org\/publications\/two-minutes-school-meals"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0036|cit36","unstructured":"World Food Program (WFP) The State of School Feeding Worldwide 2022. WFT, 2022 Available at https:\/\/www.wfp.org\/publications\/state-school-feeding-worldwide 2022"},{"issue":"4S","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0037|cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2016.06.022","article-title":"Interventions to Improve adolescent nutrition: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"59","author":"Salam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescent Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0038|cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0000000000001027","article-title":"Micronutrient deficiency and supplements in schoolchildren and teenagers","volume":"27","author":"Berger","year":"2024","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism Care"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0039|cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"04051","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.11.04051","article-title":"Impacts of school feeding on educational and health outcomes of school-age children and adolescents in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Global Health"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0040|cit40","unstructured":"Africa hunger crisis: Facts, FAQs, and how to help. World Vision, 2025 www.worldvision.org\/hunger-news-stories\/africa-hunger-famine-facts (accessed May 2021)"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0041|cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(95)00306-1","article-title":"Does breakfast make a difference in school?","volume":"95","author":"Pollitt","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of the American Dietetic Association"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0042|cit42","unstructured":"The World Food Program This one simple thing can feed children, reduce inequality, empower women and girls, and break the cycle of poverty. WFP USA, 2020 https:\/\/www.wfpusa.org\/news\/one-simple-thing-can-feed-children-break-cycle-poverty\/"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0043|cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxz079","article-title":"A school meals program implemented at scale in Ghana increases height-for-age during midchildhood in girls and in children from poor households: A cluster randomized trial","volume":"149","author":"Gelli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Nutrition"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0044|cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13030911","article-title":"Universal school meals and associations with student participation, attendance, academic performance, diet quality, food security, and body mass index: a systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Cohen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0045|cit45","unstructured":"Mexico innovates school meals and tightens regulation to promote good nutrition. School Meals Coalition, 2024 https:\/\/schoolmealscoalition.org\/stories\/mexico-innovates-school-meals-and-tightens-regulation-promote-good-nutrition"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0046|cit46","unstructured":"Global Child Nutrition Foundation (GCNF) School Meal Programs Around the World: Results from the 2024 Global Survey of School Meal Programs \u00a9 http:\/\/gcnf.org\/global-reports"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0047|cit47","first-page":"187","article-title":"The impact of food for education programs on school participation in Northern Uganda","volume":"61","author":"Alderman","year":"2012","journal-title":"University of Chicago Press"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0048|cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004676","article-title":"School feeding for improving the physical and psychosocial health of disadvantaged students","author":"Kristjansson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0049|cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39359.525174.AD","article-title":"Realist review to understand the efficacy of school feeding programmes","volume":"335","author":"Greenhalgh","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0050|cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009924.pub2","article-title":"Food supplementation for improving the physical and psychosocial health of socio-economically disadvantaged children aged three months to five years","author":"Kristjansson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0051|cit51","volume-title":"3ie Systematic Review 15","author":"Kristjansson","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0052|cit52","unstructured":"Levinger B School feeding programs in developing countries: an analysis of actual and potential impact. AID evaluation special study No. 30. US Agency for International Development, 1986 Available at https:\/\/files.eric.ed.gov\/fulltext\/ED296785.pdf"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0053|cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2010.00369.x","article-title":"School feeding programs in developing countries: impacts on children's health and educational outcomes","volume":"69","author":"Jomaa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nutrition Reviews"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0054|cit54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3666","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19063666","article-title":"The impact of school meals on educational outcomes in African schoolchildren: A systematic review","volume":"19","author":"Wall","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH)"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0055|cit55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794","article-title":"School feeding programs for improving the physical and psychological health of school children experiencing socioeconomic disadvantage (Protocol)","author":"Kristjansson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0056|cit56","unstructured":"Cumpston M Lasserson T Flemyng E Page MJ Chapter III: Reporting the review. In: Higgins JP, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 6.4 (updated August 2023). Cochrane, 2023 Available from https:\/\/www.cochrane.org\/authors\/handbooks-and-manuals\/handbook\/archive\/v6.4"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0057|cit57","unstructured":"Cumpston M Flemyng E Chapter IV: Updating a review (last updated August 2023). In: Higgins JP, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 6.5. Cochrane, 2024 Available from https:\/\/www.cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0058|cit58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119536604","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions","author":"Higgins","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0059|cit59","unstructured":"Page MJ Higgins JP Sterne JA Chapter 13. Assessing risk of bias due to missing evidence in a meta-analysis (chapter last updated August 2024). In: Higgins JP, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 6.5. Cochrane, 2024. Available from https:\/\/www.cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0060|cit60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119536604","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions","author":"Welch","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0061|cit61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119536604","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions","author":"Higgins","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0062|cit62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119536604.ch24","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions","author":"Reeves","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0063|cit63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0064|cit64","unstructured":"Mitchell DM Royle EM Cochrane Style Manual Available from https:\/\/community.cochrane.org\/style-manual (accessed prior to 24 October 2025)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0065|cit65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2014.10.006","article-title":"Inclusion of quasi-experimental studies in systematic reviews of health systems research","volume":"119","author":"Rockers","year":"2015","journal-title":"Health Policy"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0066|cit66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-475X.2004.04006.x","article-title":"A process for systematically reviewing the literature: providing the research evidence for public health nursing interventions","volume":"1","author":"Thomas","year":"2004","journal-title":"Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0067|cit67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119536604","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions","author":"Higgins","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0068|cit68","unstructured":"US Department of Agriculture and US Department of Health and Human Services Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025. USDA, 2020 https:\/\/www.dietaryguidelines.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/2020-12\/Dietary_Guidelines_for_Americans_2020-2025.pdf"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0069|cit69","unstructured":"Barwick M Urajnik D Child mental health. Encyclopedia Britannica, 2024 https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/child-mental-health (accessed 19 September 2025)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0070|cit70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1159\/000471876","article-title":"The physiology of childhood growth: hormonal regulation","volume":"88","author":"Benyi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hormone Research in Paediatrics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0071|cit71","first-page":"365","article-title":"Catch-up growth: an overview","volume":"4","author":"Kay's","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatric Endocrinology Review"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0072|cit72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2016.01.021","article-title":"PRESS peer review of electronic search strategies: 2015 guideline statement","volume":"75","author":"McGowan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0073|cit73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.11.003","article-title":"Machine learning reduces workload with minimal risk of missing studies: development and evaluation of an RCT classifier for Cochrane Reviews","volume":"133","author":"Thomas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0074|cit74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.08.008","article-title":"Cochrane Centralised Search Service showed high sensitivity identifying randomised controlled trials: A retrospective analysis","volume":"127","author":"Noel-Storr","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0075|cit75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1287","article-title":"Machine learning for identifying randomized controlled trials: An evaluation and practitioner's guide","volume":"9","author":"Marshall","year":"2018","journal-title":"Research Synthesis Methods"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0076|cit76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2021.01.006","article-title":"Evaluating Cochrane Crowd found that crowdsourcing produced accurate results in identifying randomized trials","volume":"133","author":"Noel-Storr","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0077|cit77","unstructured":"Covidence Veritas Health Innovation 2022"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0078|cit78","unstructured":"Zotero Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media at George Mason University"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0079|cit79","unstructured":"Microsoft Excel Microsoft Corporation 2019"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0080|cit80","unstructured":"Agricultural Research Service US Department of Agriculture (USDA) FoodData Central (FDC) tinyurl.com\/ts4prcjj"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0081|cit81","unstructured":"Eldridge S Campbell MK Campbell MJ Drahota AK Giraudeau B Reeves BC Revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2). Additional considerations for cluster-randomized trials (RoB 2 CRT) https:\/\/www.riskofbias.info\/welcome\/rob-2-0-tool\/rob-2-for-cluster-randomized-trials 2021"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0082|cit82","first-page":"163","article-title":"Effect of mid-day meal programme on physical growth & mental function","volume":"90","author":"Agarwal","year":"1989","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Medical Research"},{"issue":"11 Suppl 2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0083|cit83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3941S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.11.3941S","article-title":"Animal source foods improve dietary quality, micronutrient status, growth and cognitive function in Kenyan school children: background, study design, and baseline findings","volume":"133","author":"Neumann","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0084|cit84","unstructured":"NHMRC Guidelines for Guidelines: Assessing risk of bias (Version 5.1. Last updated 29 August 2019) https:\/\/www.nhmrc.gov.au\/guidelinesforguidelines\/develop\/assessing-risk-bias"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0085|cit85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"l4898","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","article-title":"RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"366","author":"Sterne","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0086|cit86","unstructured":"Higgins JP Savovi\u0107 J Page MJ Sterne JA editor(s); on behalf of the Cochrane RoB 2 Development Group Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2) SHORT VERSION (CRIBSHEET); August 2019 Available at https:\/\/www.riskofbias.info\/welcome\/rob-2-0-tool\/current-version-of-rob-2"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0087|cit87","unstructured":"Risk of Bias 2 Cochrane Review Group Starter Pack https:\/\/methods.cochrane.org\/sites\/methods.cochrane.org\/files\/uploads\/inline-files\/RoB%202_Cochrane%20Starter%20Pack_May2022_modified_080323.pdf 2022"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0088|cit88","unstructured":"J on behalf of the RoB2 working group on cross-over trials Revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2). Additional considerations for crossover trials https:\/\/www.riskofbias.info\/welcome\/rob-2-0-tool\/rob-2-for-crossover-trials"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0089|cit89","unstructured":"Wells GA Shea B O\u2019Connell D Peterson J Welch V Losos M The Newcastle\u2013Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses. Last updated May 2021 www.ohri.ca\/programs\/clinical_epidemiology\/oxford.htm (accessed March 2024)"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0090|cit90","unstructured":"Cohen JF School-based Measurement & Assessment of Results Tool (SMART): A scale to assess the quality of nonrandomized, school-based studies for systematic reviews. NOURISH Lab, 2021 https:\/\/www.childnourishlab.org\/quality-assessment-tool"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0091|cit91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3520","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13103520","article-title":"Strategies to improve school meal consumption: a systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Cohen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0092|cit92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2023.02.016","article-title":"Strategies to increase student participation in school meals in the United States: a systematic review","volume":"123","author":"Hecht","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0093|cit93","unstructured":"Campbell Systematic Reviews Campbell Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0094|cit94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijedudev.2007.02.007","article-title":"Educational impact of a school breakfast programme in rural Peru","volume":"28","author":"Cueto","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Journal of Educational Development"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0095|cit95","unstructured":"Review Manager (RevMan) The Cochrane Collaboration 2024"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0096|cit96","unstructured":"Practical Meta-Analysis Effect Size Calculator (Version 2023.11.27) Campbell Collaboration 2023"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0097|cit97","unstructured":"Dignam M Kristjansson E Systematic Review Data: School feeding programs for improving the physical and psychological health of school children experiencing socioeconomic disadvantage [Data set] Available at https:\/\/dataverse.harvard.edu\/dataset.xhtml?persistentId=doi:10.7910\/DVN\/HKADHD 2024 V6 10.7910\/DVN\/HKADHD"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0098|cit98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1079\/bjn20051584","article-title":"Effects of school-milk intervention on growth and bone mineral accretion in Chinese girls aged 10-12 years: accounting for cluster randomisation","volume":"94","author":"Du","year":"2005","journal-title":"British Journal of Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0099|cit99","unstructured":"Schochet P Technical methods report: guidelines for multiple testing in impact evaluations of educational interventions Washington (DC): Institute of Education Sciences, US Department of Education 2008 Report No E20084018"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0100|cit100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iii-92","DOI":"10.3310\/hta3050","article-title":"Methods for evaluating area-wide and organisation-based interventions in health and health care: a systematic review","volume":"3","author":"Ukoumunne","year":"1999","journal-title":"Health Technology Assessment"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0101|cit101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/125.4.894","article-title":"School breakfast improves verbal fluency in undernourished Jamaican children","volume":"125","author":"Chandler","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Nutrition"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0102|cit102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1177\/156482659601700307","article-title":"Effects of breakfast on classroom behaviour in rural Jamaican schoolchildren","volume":"17","author":"Chang","year":"1996","journal-title":"Food and Nutrition Bulletin"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0103|cit103","first-page":"1666","article-title":"Benefits of a school feeding program in Jamaica: Attendance and achievement","volume":"10","author":"Chang","year":"1996","journal-title":"Faseb Journal"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0104|cit104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.112.1.155","article-title":"A power primer","volume":"12","author":"Cohen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"32","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0105|cit105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E901","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.200077","article-title":"Development of the Instrument to assess the Credibility of Effect Modification Analyses (ICEMAN) in randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses","volume":"192","author":"Schandelmaier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Canadian Medical Association Journal"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0106|cit106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.03.003","article-title":"GRADE guidance 36: updates to GRADE's approach to addressing inconsistency","volume":"158","author":"Guyatt","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0107|cit107","unstructured":"Instrument for assessing the Credibility of Effect Modification Analyses (ICEMAN). Version 1.1 Downloaded from the ICEMAN website"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0108|cit108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2011.03.017","article-title":"GRADE guidelines: 7. Rating the quality of evidence - inconsistency.","volume":"64","author":"Guyatt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0109|cit109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"P94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2018.01.013","article-title":"GRADE Guidelines: 19. Assessing the certainty of evidence in the importance of outcomes or values and preferences\u2014Risk of bias and indirectness","volume":"111","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0110|cit110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119536604","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions","author":"Sch\u00fcnemann","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0111|cit111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2022.07.014","article-title":"GRADE guidance 34: update on rating imprecision using a minimally contextualized approach","volume":"150","author":"Zeng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0112|cit112","unstructured":"GRADEpro GDT McMaster University (developed by Evidence Prime) 2024"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0113|cit113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2019.10.014","article-title":"GRADE guidelines 26: informative statements to communicate the findings of systematic reviews of interventions","volume":"119","author":"Santesso","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0114|cit114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1093\/jae\/ejz008","article-title":"Non-compliance and non-response in randomised school meals experiment: evidence from rural Senegal","volume":"28","author":"Azomahou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of African Economies"},{"issue":"Supplemental 2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0115|cit115","first-page":"123","article-title":"Effect of whey guava beverage supplementation on haemoglobin level of school going children","volume":"26","author":"Divya","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Community Health"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0116|cit116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gelli A Masset E Adamba C Alderman H Arhinful D Aurino E School meals as a market for smallholder agriculture: Experimental evidence from Ghana International Food Policy Research Instutite Discussion Paper 2021 02045","DOI":"10.2499\/p15738coll2.134616"},{"issue":"37","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0117|cit117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-015-1116-0","article-title":"Evaluation of alternative school feeding models on nutrition, education, agriculture and other social outcomes in Ghana: rationale, randomised design and baseline data","volume":"17","author":"Gelli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0118|cit118","unstructured":"\u00a0Aurino E Gelli A Adamba C Osei-Akoto I Food for thought? Experimental evidence on the learning impacts of a large-scale school feeding program in Ghana Washington International Food Policy Research Institute 2018 10.3368\/jhr.58.3.1019-10515R1"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0119|cit119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.3368\/jhr.58.3.1019-10515R1","article-title":"Food for thought? Experimental evidence on the learning impacts of a large-scale school feeding program","volume":"58","author":"Aurino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Human Resources"},{"issue":"11 Supplemental","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0120|cit120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3957","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.11.3957S","article-title":"Food supplements have a positive impact on weight gain and the addition of animal-sourced foods increases lean body mass of Kenyan schoolchildren","volume":"133","author":"Grillenberger","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Nutrition"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0121|cit121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN20051641","article-title":"Intake of micronutrients high in animal-source foods is associated with better growth in rural Kenyan school children","volume":"95","author":"Grillenberger","year":"2006","journal-title":"British Journal of Nutrition"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0122|cit122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S202","DOI":"10.1177\/15648265050262S211","article-title":"Diet quality affects the playground activities of Kenyan children","volume":"26","author":"Sigman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Food and Nutrition Bulletin"},{"issue":"11 Supplement 2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0123|cit123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3941S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.11.3941S","article-title":"Animal source foods improve dietary quality, micronutrient status, growth and cognitive function in Kenyan school children: Background, study design, and baseline findings","volume":"133","author":"Neumann","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Nutrition"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0124|cit124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980012003266","article-title":"A school-based supplementary food programme in rural Kenya did not reduce children's intake at home","volume":"16","author":"Gewa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Public Health Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0125|cit125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114508066804","article-title":"Dietary micronutrients are associated with higher cognitive function gains among primary school children in rural Kenya","volume":"101","author":"Gewa","year":"2009","journal-title":"British Journal of Nutrition"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0126|cit126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/137.4.1119","article-title":"Meat supplementation improves growth, cognitive, and behavioral outcomes in Kenyan children","volume":"137","author":"Neumann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0127|cit127","volume-title":"Impact of animal source foods on growth, morbidity and iron bioavailability in Kenyan school children [PhD thesis]","year":"2006"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0128|cit128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2010.01.009","article-title":"Effects of a school feeding intervention on school attendance rates among elementary schoolchildren in rural Kenya","volume":"27","author":"Omwami","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"issue":"11 Supplement 2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0129|cit129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3972S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.11.3972S","article-title":"Kenyan school children have multiple micronutrient deficiencies, but increased plasma vitamin B-12 is the only detectable micronutrient response to meat or milk supplementation","volume":"133","author":"Siekmann","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Nutrition"},{"issue":"11 Supplement 2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0130|cit130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3965S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.11.3965S","article-title":"The impact of dietary intervention on the cognitive development of Kenyan school children","volume":"133","author":"Whaley","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Nutrition"},{"issue":"11 Supplement 2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0131|cit131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3950S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.11.3950S","article-title":"School snacks containing animal source foods improve dietary quality for children in rural Kenya","volume":"133","author":"Murphy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Nutrition"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0132|cit132","first-page":"6071","article-title":"The effects of animal source foods on school performance among primary school children in rural Kenya","volume":"71","author":"Hulett","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0133|cit133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980013000876","article-title":"School snacks decrease morbidity in Kenyan schoolchildren: a cluster randomized, controlled feeding intervention trial","volume":"16","author":"Neumann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Public Health Nutrition"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0134|cit134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114513003310","article-title":"Animal source foods have a positive impact on the primary school test scores of Kenyan schoolchildren in a cluster-randomised, controlled feeding intervention trial","volume":"111","author":"Hulett","year":"2014","journal-title":"British Journal of Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0135|cit135","unstructured":"Huellet J The Effects of Animal Source Foods on School Performance among Primary School Children in Rural Kenya. A thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the Degree of Philosophy in Public Health. ProQuest, 2010 https:\/\/www.proquest.com\/openview\/3c84c643951698c6c24dbafe1ea75874\/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0136|cit136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1177\/156482659601700111","article-title":"Benefits of a school breakfast programme among Andean children in Huaraz, Peru","volume":"17","author":"Jacoby","year":"1996","journal-title":"Food and Nutrition Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0137|cit137","first-page":"119","volume-title":"Nutrition, Health, and Child Development","author":"Pollit","year":"1998"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0138|cit138","first-page":"A484","article-title":"Dietary and cognitive effects of a school breakfast program among Andean children in Peru","volume":"9","author":"Jacoby","year":"1995","journal-title":"Faseb Journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0139|cit139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/67.4.795S","article-title":"When science and politics listen to each other: Good prospects from a new school breakfast program in Peru","volume":"67","year":"1998","journal-title":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"issue":"4 Pt 2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0140|cit140","first-page":"S22","article-title":"School breakfast and cognition among nutritionally at-risk children in the Peruvian Andes","volume":"54","author":"Pollitt","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nutrition Reviews"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0141|cit141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdeveco.2013.08.007","article-title":"School feeding programs, intrahousehold allocation and the nutrition of siblings: Evidence from a randomized trial in rural Burkina Faso","volume":"106","author":"Kazianga","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Development Economics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0142|cit142","first-page":"1","article-title":"Educational and health impacts of two school feeding schemes: Evidence from a randomized trial in rural Burkina Faso","volume":"4976","author":"Kazianga","year":"2009","journal-title":"Policy Research Working Papers"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0143|cit143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.4068","article-title":"Effects of supplementary feeding on the nutritional status of internally displaced school children in the west region of Cameroon","volume":"10","author":"Nwachan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrition and Food Sciences Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0144|cit144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/68.4.873","article-title":"Nutrition and education: a randomized trial of the effects of breakfast in rural primary school children","volume":"68","author":"Powell","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0145|cit145","first-page":"1411","article-title":"Benefits of a school feeding program in Jamaica: Nutritional status and income transfer","volume":"10","author":"Powell","year":"1996","journal-title":"Faseb Journal"},{"issue":"Supplement 2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0146|cit146","first-page":"28","article-title":"School breakfast benefits children's nutritional status","volume":"46","author":"Powell","year":"1997","journal-title":"West Indian Medical Journal"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0147|cit147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2214.2004.00453.x","article-title":"A national evaluation of school breakfast clubs: evidence from a cluster randomized controlled trial and an observational analysis","volume":"30","author":"Shemilt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Child: Care, Health and Development"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0148|cit148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cdnut.2023.101254","article-title":"Meals, education, and gardens for in-school adolescents (MEGA): A cluster randomized trial of adolescent nutrition intervention packages in Tanzania","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Current Developments in Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0149|cit149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2024.02.032","article-title":"Meals, education, and gardens for in-school adolescents: A cluster randomized trial of an adolescent nutrition intervention package in Tanzania","volume":"75","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescent Health"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0150|cit150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e062085","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-062085","article-title":"Meals, education, and gardens for in-school adolescents (MEGA): study protocol for a cluster randomised trial of an integrated adolescent nutrition intervention in Dodoma, Tanzania","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0151|cit151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2009.10718101","article-title":"Zinc supplementation improved cognitive performance and taste acuity in Indian adolescent girls","volume":"28","author":"Tupe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0152|cit152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2021.106029","article-title":"The impact of the school feeding programme on the education and health outcomes of South African children","volume":"126","author":"Mostert","year":"2021","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0153|cit153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-5436.12030","article-title":"Impoverished rural districts of Pakistan: an independent evaluation of impact on educational and cognitive outcomes in Sindh Province, Pakistan","volume":"44","author":"Soofi","year":"2013","journal-title":"IDS Bulletin"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0154|cit154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-5436.12029","article-title":"Impact on health and nutrition outcomes in Sindh Province, Pakistan","volume":"44","author":"Huassain","year":"2013","journal-title":"IDS Bulletin"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0155|cit155","first-page":"325","article-title":"Note on the results obtained by the attendance at the Swiss snack of schoolchildren of the J. F. Lepine school group with regard to weight","volume":"2","author":"Boulanger-Pilet","year":"1946","journal-title":"Archives de Medecine Sociale"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0156|cit156","first-page":"696","article-title":"The provision of meals for school children","volume":"2","author":"Crowley","year":"1911","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3499","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0157|cit157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.3499.140","article-title":"Influence of amount of milk consumption on the rate of growth of school children","volume":"1","author":"Orr","year":"1928","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0158|cit158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.3548.23","article-title":"Milk consumption and the growth of school-children. Second preliminary report on tests to the Scottish Board of Health","volume":"1(3458)","author":"Leighton","year":"1929","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0159|cit159","first-page":"477","article-title":"The Canadian Red Cross school meal study","volume":"64","author":"Tisdall","year":"1951","journal-title":"Canadian Medical Association Journal"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0160|cit160","unstructured":"The World Bank's classification of countries by income (English) Data Group, Development Economics Vice Presidency. Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group 2016 downloaded from http:\/\/documents.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/408581467988942234"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0161|cit161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1411","article-title":"Risk-of-bias VISualization (robvis): An R package and Shiny Web app for visualizing risk-of-bias assessments","volume":"1","author":"McGuinness","year":"2020","journal-title":"Research Synthesis Methods"},{"issue":"50","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0162|cit162","first-page":"1","article-title":"Do in-school feeding programs have an impact on academic performance? The case of public schools in Argentina","volume":"21","author":"Adrogu\u00e9","year":"2013","journal-title":"Education Policy Analysis Archives"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0163|cit163","first-page":"7","article-title":"Do students\u2019 academic performance and participation get better through school feeding in Ethiopia?","volume":"30","author":"Assefa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Educational Planning"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0164|cit164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1002\/app5.21","article-title":"The impact of a food for education program on schooling in Cambodia","volume":"2","author":"Cheung","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0165|cit165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3066","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980021000501","article-title":"The effect of school feeding programme on class absenteeism and academic performance of schoolchildren in Southern Ethiopia: a prospective cohort study","volume":"24","author":"Desalegn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Public Health Nutrition"},{"issue":"101590587","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0166|cit166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e69","DOI":"10.1017\/jns.2022.73","article-title":"Effect of school feeding program on the anthropometric and haemoglobin status of school children in Sidama region, Southern Ethiopia: a prospective study","volume":"11","author":"Desalegn","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Nutritional Science"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0167|cit167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.1026436","article-title":"Effect of school feeding program on body mass index of primary school adolescents in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A prospective cohort study","volume":"9","author":"Mohammed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers in Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0168|cit168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.1026436","article-title":"Corrigendum: E\ufb00ect of school feeding program on body mass index of primary school adolescents in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A prospective cohort study","volume":"9","author":"Mohammed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers in Nutrition"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0169|cit169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1177\/03795721231179264","article-title":"Effect of school feeding program on school absenteeism of primary school adolescents in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A prospective cohort study","volume":"44","author":"Mohammed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food and Nutrition Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0170|cit170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2023.05.017","article-title":"Effect of school feeding program on academic performance of primary school adolescents: A prospective cohort study","volume":"56","author":"Mohammed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clinical Nutrition ESPEN"},{"issue":"101974","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0171|cit171","first-page":"1","article-title":"Large-scale school meal programs and student health: Evidence from rural China","volume":"79","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"China Economic Review"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0172|cit172","first-page":"1","article-title":"Large-scale school meal programs and student health: Evidence from rural China","volume":"02009","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"IFPRI Discussion Paper"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0173|cit173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0174673","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0174673","article-title":"Impact of fortified biscuits on micronutrient deficiencies among primary school children in Bangladesh","volume":"12","author":"Adams","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLOS one"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0174|cit174","unstructured":"World Bank; Guyana Ministry of Education Guyana's Hinterland community-based school feeding programme: Impact evaluation 2007-2009. Guyana Ministry of Education\/The World Bank, 2012 https:\/\/documents1.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/690761468031534184\/pdf\/892760WP0P08930hool0Feeding0Program.pdf"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0175|cit175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1079\/9781780642994.0124","volume-title":"Improving Diets and Nutrition: Food-Based Approaches","author":"Ismail","year":"2014"},{"issue":"Supplement 2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0176|cit176","first-page":"793","article-title":"The healthy kitchens, healthy children study; A community-based school nutrition intervention improves diet diversity in Palestinian refugee schoolchildren in Lebanon","volume":"71","author":"Jamaluddine","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0177|cit177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"nzaa164","DOI":"10.1093\/cdn\/nzaa164","article-title":"A community-based school nutrition intervention improves diet diversity and school attendance in Palestinian refugee schoolchildren in Lebanon","volume":"4","author":"Jamaluddine","year":"2020","journal-title":"Current Developments in Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0178|cit178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980019003161","article-title":"A community-based school nutrition intervention improves diet diversity and school attendance in Palestinian refugee schoolchildren in Lebanon","volume":"23","author":"Ghattas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Public Health Nutrition"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0179|cit179","first-page":"577","article-title":"Improving the iron status of school children through a school noon meal programme with meals prepared using a multiple micronutrient\u2013fortified salt in Tamil Nadu, India","volume":"29","author":"Kumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0180|cit180","first-page":"126","article-title":"Effect of a school breakfast program on the prevalence of obesity and cardiovascular risk factors in children","volume":"47","author":"Ramirez-Lopez","year":"2005","journal-title":"Salud P\u00fablica de Mexico"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0181|cit181","first-page":"163","article-title":"Effect of mid-day meal programme on physical growth & mental function","volume":"90","author":"Agarwal","year":"1989","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Medical Research"},{"issue":"supp1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0182|cit182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1080\/00220388.2019.1687874","article-title":"School feeding or general food distribution? Quasi-experimental evidence on the educational impacts of emergency food assistance during conflict in Mali","volume":"55","author":"Aurino","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Development Studies"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0183|cit183","unstructured":"Aurino E School feeding or general food distribution? Quasi-experimental evidence on the educational impacts of emergency food assistance during conflict in Mali Inocennti working paper 2018-04 2018"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0184|cit184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-14-55","article-title":"Improving community development by linking agriculture, nutrition and education: design of a randomised trial of \"home-grown\" school feeding in Mali","volume":"14","author":"Masset","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trials"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0185|cit185","first-page":"347","article-title":"Evaluation of a low cost meal in a school lunch programme","volume":"12","author":"Devadas","year":"1975","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0186|cit186","first-page":"257","article-title":"Nutritional impact of school lunch programme on children over a period of five years","volume":"15","author":"Devadas","year":"1978","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0187|cit187","first-page":"187","article-title":"Nutritional outcomes of a rural diet supplemented with low cost locally available foods. 6. Impact on school children","volume":"21","author":"Devadas","year":"1984","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0188|cit188","first-page":"32","article-title":"Influence of home-grown school feeding on nutritional status of schoolchildren: Findings from South-West Nigeria","volume":"22","author":"Oyela","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nigerian Journal of Health Sciences"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0189|cit189","volume-title":"The effect of school lunches on the nutritional state and growth of children in Kirinyaga, Kenya","author":"Pieters","year":"1975"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0190|cit190","first-page":"621","article-title":"Effect of school feeding on growth of children in Kirinyaga district, Kenya","volume":"54","author":"Pieters","year":"1977","journal-title":"East African Medical Journal"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2-BIB0191|cit191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.7227\/RIE.66.7","article-title":"The impact of breakfast clubs on pupil attendance and punctuality","volume":"66","author":"Simpson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Research in Education"}],"container-title":["Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T06:17:55Z","timestamp":1792649875000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/14651858.CD014794.pub2"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"name":"Cochrane Central Editorial Service","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]]},"references-count":191,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.cd014794.pub2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1465-1858"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1465-1858","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]]}}}