{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T21:37:26Z","timestamp":1790804246001,"version":"4.1.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd016071","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749600000000}}],"reference-count":113,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["wiley.com","cochranelibrary.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd016071.pub2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T06:55:52Z","timestamp":1749624952000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Parallel use of low-complexity automated nucleic acid amplification tests on respiratory and stool samples with or without lateral flow lipoarabinomannan assays to detect pulmonary tuberculosis disease in children"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2025","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Olbrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine; LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich; Munich Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Munich; Munich Germany"},{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Immunology, Infection and Pandemic Research; Fraunhofer Institute; Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bada","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cochrane Netherlands, Department of Epidemiology and Health Economics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayley","family":"Poore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine; University of California, Irvine; Orange USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alia","family":"Razid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine; LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich; Munich Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Munich; Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brittney","family":"Sweetser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine; University of California, Irvine; Orange USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathias Weis","family":"Damkj\u00e6r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cochrane Denmark & Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Odense, \u200bDepartment of Clinical Research; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander W","family":"Kay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Global Tuberculosis Program, Texas Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics; Baylor College of Medicine; Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"\u00c5hsberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, Research Unit of Infectious Diseases; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark"},{"name":"International Reference Laboratory of Mycobacteriology, Statens Serum Institut; Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruvandhi R","family":"Nathavitharana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School; Boston USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Schiller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Outcomes Research; McGill University Health Centre - Research Institute; Montreal Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nandini","family":"Dendukuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Outcomes Research; McGill University Health Centre - Research Institute; Montreal Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Lundh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cochrane Denmark & Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Odense, \u200bDepartment of Clinical Research; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases; Copenhagen University Hospital \u2013 Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg; Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maunank","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Bjerrum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, Research Unit of Infectious Diseases; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Devan","family":"Jaganath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases; University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco USA"},{"name":"Institute for Global Health Sciences, Center for Tuberculosis; University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0001|cit1","unstructured":"World Health Organization Global tuberculosis report 2024 https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/global-tuberculosis-programme\/tb-reports\/global-tuberculosis-report-2024"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0002|cit2","unstructured":"World Health Organization Roadmap towards ending TB in children and adolescents https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789241514668"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0003|cit3","unstructured":"World Health Organization WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis: Module 5: management of tuberculosis in children and adolescents. 18 March 2022 https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240046764"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0004|cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2018.09.009","article-title":"Tuberculosis in children","volume":"29","author":"Thomas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Thoracic Surgery Clinics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0005|cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1350","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-0519","article-title":"A refined symptom-based approach to diagnose pulmonary tuberculosis in children","volume":"118","author":"Marais","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0006|cit6","first-page":"263","article-title":"Agreement between clinical scoring systems used for the diagnosis of pediatric tuberculosis in the HIV era","volume":"11","author":"Edwards","year":"2007","journal-title":"International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0007|cit7","first-page":"814","article-title":"Observer variation in detecting lymphadenopathy on chest radiography","volume":"6","author":"Du Toit","year":"2002","journal-title":"International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0008|cit8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2004.062315","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of chest radiography in detecting mediastinal lymphadenopathy in suspected pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"90","author":"Swingler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Archives of Disease in Childhood"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0009|cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2016.09.021","article-title":"Culture is an imperfect and heterogeneous reference standard in pediatric tuberculosis","volume":"101S","author":"DiNardo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tuberculosis"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0010|cit10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1617-9","article-title":"Smear positivity in paediatric and adult tuberculosis: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Kunkel","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0011|cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/s1473-3099(03)00771-0","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis in children","volume":"3","author":"Shingadia","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0012|cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013359.pub2","article-title":"Xpert MTB\/RIF and Xpert MTB\/RIF Ultra assays for active tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance in children","author":"Kay","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0013|cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11010033","article-title":"HIV-associated tuberculosis in children and adolescents: evolving epidemiology, screening, prevention and management strategies","volume":"11","author":"Kay","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0014|cit14","unstructured":"World Health Organization Lateral flow urine lipoarabinomannan assay (LF-LAM) for the diagnosis of active tuberculosis in people living with HIV: policy update (2019): evidence to decision tables https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789241550604"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0015|cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw694","article-title":"Official American Thoracic Society\/Infectious Diseases Society of America\/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention clinical practice guidelines: diagnosis of tuberculosis in adults and children","volume":"64","author":"Lewinsohn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0016|cit16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e206069","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2020.6069","article-title":"Sensitive and feasible specimen collection and testing strategies for diagnosing tuberculosis in young children","volume":"175","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatrics"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0017|cit17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201904-0772OC","article-title":"Tuberculosis diagnosis in children using Xpert Ultra on different respiratory specimens","volume":"200","author":"Zar","year":"2019","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0018|cit18","unstructured":"Determine TB LAM https:\/\/www.globalpointofcare.abbott\/ww\/en\/product-details\/determine-tb-lam.html"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0019|cit19","unstructured":"STANDARD MM10 MDR-TB Product Description https:\/\/sdbiosensor.com\/product\/product_view?product_no=23007"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0020|cit20","unstructured":"IRON-qPCR \u2122 product description https:\/\/eng.bioneer.com\/20-a-2600.html"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0021|cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(11)70167-0","article-title":"Accuracy of the Xpert MTB\/RIF test for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in children admitted to hospital in Cape Town, South Africa: a descriptive study","volume":"11","author":"Nicol","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0022|cit22","unstructured":"World Health Organization Automated real-time nucleic acid amplification technology for rapid and simultaneous detection of tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance: Xpert MTB\/RIF assay for the diagnosis of pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB in adults and children. Policy update 2013 https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK258608\/pdf\/Bookshelf_NBK258608.pdf"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0023|cit23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2018.07.002","article-title":"Xpert MTB\/RIF Ultra assay for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in children: a multicentre comparative accuracy study","volume":"77","author":"Sabi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Infection"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0024|cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013359.pub3","article-title":"Xpert MTB\/RIF Ultra assay for tuberculosis disease and rifampicin resistance in children","author":"Kay","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0025|cit25","unstructured":"Truenat MTB Product Description https:\/\/www.molbiodiagnostics.com\/product_details.php?id=1"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0026|cit26","unstructured":"Truenat MTB Plus Product Description https:\/\/www.molbiodiagnostics.com\/product_details.php?id=49"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0027|cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6976","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-32810-2","article-title":"Expedited diagnosis of pediatric tuberculosis using Truenat MTB-Rif Dx and GeneXpert MTB\/RIF","volume":"13","author":"Singh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0028|cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e02057","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.02057-18","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of stool Xpert MTB\/RIF for detection of pulmonary tuberculosis in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"57","author":"MacLean","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0029|cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0040621","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00406-21","article-title":"The Simple One-Step (SOS) stool processing method for use with the Xpert MTB\/RIF assay for a child-friendly diagnosis of tuberculosis closer to the point of care","volume":"59","author":"De Haas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0030|cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2020.102002","article-title":"Laboratory development of a simple stool sample processing method diagnosis of pediatric tuberculosis using Xpert Ultra","volume":"125","author":"Lounnas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Tuberculosis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0031|cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0151980","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0151980","article-title":"A novel sample processing method for rapid detection of tuberculosis in the stool of pediatric patients using the Xpert MTB\/RIF assay","volume":"11","author":"Banada","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0032|cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00781","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00781-18","article-title":"Molecular detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from stools in young children by use of a novel centrifugation-free processing method","volume":"56","author":"Walters","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0033|cit33","unstructured":"Nabeta P Optimization of stool processing for Ultra testing: pooled data from two head to head studies comparing stool processing methods. 52nd World Conference on Lung Health of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union). 2021 Oct 19-22; virtual event https:\/\/conf2021.theunion.org\/pdfs\/UNION2021_Abstracts_High.pdf S28"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0034|cit34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2004.04183.x","article-title":"Mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan and related lipoglycans: from biogenesis to modulation of the immune response","volume":"53","author":"Briken","year":"2004","journal-title":"Molecular Microbiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0035|cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00025711","article-title":"Diagnosing tuberculosis with urine lipoarabinomannan: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"38","author":"Minion","year":"2011","journal-title":"European Respiratory Journal"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0036|cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011420.pub2","article-title":"Lateral flow urine lipoarabinomannan assay for detecting active tuberculosis in HIV-positive adults","author":"Shah","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0037|cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2022.06.004","article-title":"Value of urine-based lipoarabinomannan (LAM) antigen tests for diagnosing tuberculosis in children: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"4","author":"Seid","year":"2022","journal-title":"IJID Regions"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0038|cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011420.pub3","article-title":"Lateral flow urine lipoarabinomannan assay for detecting active tuberculosis in people living with HIV","author":"Bjerrum","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0039|cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1672366","DOI":"10.1080\/16549716.2019.1672366","article-title":"Feasibility of using Determine TB-LAM to diagnose tuberculosis in HIV-positive patients in programmatic conditions: a multisite study","volume":"12","author":"Mathabire Rucker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Global Health Action"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0040|cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.09.018","article-title":"Constructing confidence: user perspectives on AlereLAM testing for tuberculosis","volume":"112","author":"Mwaura","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0041|cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix513","article-title":"Does disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial disease cause false-positive Determine TB-LAM lateral flow assay results? A retrospective review","volume":"65","author":"Nel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0042|cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-014-0655-4","article-title":"Urine lipoarabinomannan point-of-care testing in patients affected by pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria \u2013 experiences from the Danish Cystic Fibrosis cohort study","volume":"14","author":"Qvist","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0043|cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00003315","article-title":"Performance of urine lipoarabinomannan assays for paediatric tuberculosis in Tanzania","volume":"46","author":"Kroidl","year":"2015","journal-title":"European Respiratory Journal"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0044|cit44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e278","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(14)70195-0","article-title":"Urine lipoarabinomannan testing for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in children: a prospective study","volume":"2","author":"Nicol","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Global Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0045|cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20182065","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2018-2065","article-title":"A treatment-decision score for HIV-infected children with suspected tuberculosis","volume":"144","author":"Marcy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0046|cit46","unstructured":"World Health Organization WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis. Module 2: screening-systematic screening for tuberculosis disease. 22 March 2021 https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240022676"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0047|cit47","first-page":"72","article-title":"Comparison of Ziehl Neelsen & Auramine O staining methods on direct and concentrated smears in clinical specimens","volume":"58","author":"Hooja","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Tuberculosis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0048|cit48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.18683\/germs.2020.1188","article-title":"Utility of smear microscopy and GeneXpert for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in clinical samples","volume":"10","author":"Arora","year":"2020","journal-title":"Germs"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0049|cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(06)70578-3","article-title":"Fluorescence versus conventional sputum smear microscopy for tuberculosis: a systematic review","volume":"6","author":"Steingart","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0050|cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00027714","article-title":"Tuberculosis diagnostics: which target product profiles should be prioritised?","volume":"44","author":"Kik","year":"2014","journal-title":"European Respiratory Journal"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0051|cit51","unstructured":"World Health Organization WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis: module 3: diagnosis rapid diagnostics for tuberculosis detection: web annex 4: evidence synthesis and analysis https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240029415"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0052|cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11808","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-11969-5","article-title":"Bacteriological diagnosis of childhood TB: a prospective observational study","volume":"7","author":"Brent","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0053|cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2010.09.008","article-title":"New specimens and laboratory diagnostics for childhood pulmonary TB: progress and prospects","volume":"12","author":"Nicol","year":"2011","journal-title":"Paediatric Respiratory Reviews"},{"issue":"1-3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0054|cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/s1472-9792(02)00088-4","article-title":"Pediatric tuberculosis: time for a new approach","volume":"83","author":"Starke","year":"2003","journal-title":"Tuberculosis"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0055|cit55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-11","article-title":"Intensified specimen collection to improve tuberculosis diagnosis in children from Rural South Africa, an observational study","volume":"14","author":"Thomas","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0056|cit56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2017.03.010","article-title":"Tuberculosis in children","volume":"64","author":"Thomas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatric Clinics of North America"},{"issue":"9454","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0057|cit57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)17702-2","article-title":"Induced sputum versus gastric lavage for microbiological confirmation of pulmonary tuberculosis in infants and young children: a prospective study","volume":"365","author":"Zar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0058|cit58","unstructured":"World Health Organization The use of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (TB-LAMP) for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis: policy guidance https:\/\/iris.who.int\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/249154\/9789241511186-eng.pdf"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0059|cit59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2000747","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00747-2020","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of centralised assays for TB detection and detection of resistance to rifampicin and isoniazid: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"57","author":"Kohli","year":"2021","journal-title":"European Respiratory Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0060|cit60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013694.pub2","article-title":"Xpert MTB\/RIF and Xpert Ultra assays for screening for pulmonary tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance in adults, irrespective of signs or symptoms","author":"Shapiro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0061|cit61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009593.pub5","article-title":"Xpert Ultra versus Xpert MTB\/RIF for pulmonary tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance in adults with presumptive pulmonary tuberculosis","author":"Zifodya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0062|cit62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012768.pub3","article-title":"Xpert MTB\/RIF Ultra and Xpert MTB\/RIF assays for extrapulmonary tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance in adults","author":"Kohli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0063|cit63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30001-5","article-title":"Novel lipoarabinomannan point-of-care tuberculosis test for people with HIV: a diagnostic accuracy study","volume":"19","author":"Broger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"10144","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0064|cit64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31267-4","article-title":"Rapid urine-based screening for tuberculosis in HIV-positive patients admitted to hospital in Africa (STAMP): a pragmatic, multicentre, parallel-group, double-blind, randomised controlled trial","volume":"392","author":"Gupta-Wright","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0065|cit65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0170976","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0170976","article-title":"Incremental yield of including determine-TB LAM assay in diagnostic algorithms for hospitalized and ambulatory HIV-positive patients in Kenya","volume":"12","author":"Huerga","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0066|cit66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-017-0822-8","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy, incremental yield and prognostic value of Determine TB-LAM for routine diagnostic testing for tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients requiring acute hospital admission in South Africa: a prospective cohort","volume":"15","author":"Lawn","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Medicine"},{"issue":"10024","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0067|cit67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01092-2","article-title":"Effect on mortality of point-of-care, urine-based lipoarabinomannan testing to guide tuberculosis treatment initiation in HIV-positive hospital inpatients: a pragmatic, parallel-group, multicountry, open-label, randomised controlled trial","volume":"387","author":"Peter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0068|cit68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-017-0888-3","article-title":"The clinical utility of the urine-based lateral flow lipoarabinomannan assay in HIV-infected adults in Myanmar: an observational study","volume":"15","author":"Thit","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0069|cit69","unstructured":"WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis. Module 3: diagnosis Geneva: World Health Organization 2025"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0070|cit70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e903","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(23)00135-3","article-title":"Diagnostic yield of urine lipoarabinomannan and sputum tuberculosis tests in people living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data","volume":"11","author":"Broger","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Global Health"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0071|cit71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-407","article-title":"Determine TB-LAM lateral flow urine antigen assay for HIV-associated tuberculosis: recommendations on the design and reporting of clinical studies","volume":"13","author":"Lawn","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0072|cit72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016070","article-title":"Parallel use of low-complexity automated nucleic acid amplification tests and lateral flow urine lipoarabinomannan assays to detect tuberculosis disease in adults and adolescents living with HIV","author":"Bjerrum","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0073|cit73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S179","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ581","article-title":"Clinical case definitions for classification of intrathoracic tuberculosis in children: an update","volume":"61","author":"Graham","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0074|cit74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/pis089","article-title":"Gastric aspirate yield for children with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"2","author":"Cruz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Disease Society"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0075|cit75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis598","article-title":"Rapid molecular diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in children using nasopharyngeal specimens","volume":"55","author":"Zar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0076|cit76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-155-8-201110180-00009","article-title":"QUADAS-2: a revised tool for the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies","volume":"155","author":"Whiting","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0077|cit77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.MR000022.pub3","article-title":"Search strategies to identify diagnostic accuracy studies in MEDLINE and EMBASE","author":"Beynon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0078|cit78","unstructured":"EndNote Clarivate 2013"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0079|cit79","unstructured":"Covidence Veritas Health Innovation"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0080|cit80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.7326\/m21-2234","article-title":"QUADAS-C: a tool for assessing risk of bias in comparative diagnostic accuracy studies","volume":"174","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0081|cit81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2005.02.022","article-title":"Bivariate analysis of sensitivity and specificity produces informative summary measures in diagnostic reviews","volume":"58","author":"Reitsma","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0082|cit82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2006.06.011","article-title":"Bivariate meta-analysis of sensitivity and specificity with sparse data: a generalized linear mixed model approach","volume":"59","author":"Chu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0083|cit83","unstructured":"rjags: Bayesian Graphical Models using MCMC. R package version 4-17 Plummer M https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=rjags 2025"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0084|cit84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Takwoingi Y Dendukuri N Schiller I Ru\u0308cker G Jones HE Partlett C Chapter 10: Undertaking meta-analysis In: Deeks JJ, Bossuyt PM, Leeflang MM, Takwoingi Y, editors(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Diagnostic Test Accuracy version 2.0 (updated July 2023). Cochrane, 2023. Available from https:\/\/training.cochrane.org\/handbook-diagnostic-test-accuracy\/current","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.ED000163"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0085|cit85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2021.04.001","article-title":"GRADE Guidance: 31. Assessing the certainty across a body of evidence for comparative test accuracy","volume":"136","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0086|cit86","unstructured":"Jaganath D Data request for WHO GDG - Parallel use of NAAT on respiratory specimens and stool, and LF-LAM Email to: Sylvia LaCourse"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0087|cit87","unstructured":"Jaganath D Data request for WHO GDG - Parallel use of NAAT on respiratory specimens and stool Email to: Martha Chipinduro"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0088|cit88","unstructured":"Jaganath D Data request for WHO GDG - Parallel use of NAAT on respiratory specimens and stool Email to: Samafilan Ainan"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0089|cit89","unstructured":"Jaganath D Data request for WHO GDG - Parallel use of NAAT on respiratory specimens and stool Email to: Yohanes Demissie"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0090|cit90","unstructured":"Jaganath D Data request for WHO GDG - Parallel use of NAAT on respiratory specimens and stool Email to: Zahra Hasan"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0091|cit91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa583","article-title":"Xpert Ultra assay on stool to diagnose pulmonary tuberculosis in children","volume":"73","author":"Kabir","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0092|cit92","unstructured":"Rapid and Accurate Diagnosis of Pediatric Tuberculosis Disease (RaPaed-TB) https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT03734172"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0093|cit93","unstructured":"Stool processing kit (SPK) evaluation for paediatric TB https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT04899076"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0094|cit94","unstructured":"Ness T Data request for World Health Organization (WHO)-commissioned systematic review Email to: Morten Ruhwald and Mark Nicol"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0095|cit95","unstructured":"Olbrich L Data request for WHO GDG - Parallel use of NAAT on respiratory specimens and stool, and LF-LAM (TB Speed studies) Email to: Olivier Marcy"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0096|cit96","unstructured":"Olbrich L Data request for WHO GDG - Parallel use of NAAT on respiratory specimens and stool, and LF-LAM Email to: Maryline Bonnet"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0097|cit97","unstructured":"Poore H Data from Cameroon to inform WHO guidelines development process Email to: Valerie Donkeng"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0098|cit98","unstructured":"Razid A Data request for WHO GDG - Parallel use of NAAT on respiratory specimens and stool, and LF-LAM (#36) Email to: Colleen Hanrahan and Nazir Ismail"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0099|cit99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2024.102527","article-title":"Effect of decentralising childhood tuberculosis diagnosis to primary health centre versus district hospital levels on disease detection in children from six high tuberculosis incidence countries: an operational research, pre-post intervention study","volume":"70","author":"Wobudeya","year":"2024","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0100|cit100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.5588\/pha.20.0062","article-title":"Xpert\u00ae MTB\/RIF assay testing on stool for the diagnosis of paediatric pulmonary TB in Tanzania","volume":"11","author":"Ainan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Public Health Action"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0101|cit101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed8070350","article-title":"Comparison of Xpert MTB\/RIF Ultra results of stool and sputum in children with presumptive tuberculosis in Southern Ethiopia","volume":"8","author":"Babo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Tropical Medicine & Infectious Disease"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0102|cit102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102688","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2024.102688","article-title":"Development of tuberculosis treatment decision algorithms in children below 5 years hospitalised with severe acute malnutrition in Zambia and Uganda: a prospective diagnostic cohort study","volume":"73","author":"Chabala","year":"2024","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0103|cit103","unstructured":"Performance evaluation of TB-LAMP in children National Tuberculosis Control Program (NTCP) of Cameroon 2022"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0104|cit104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1080\/20469047.2018.1533321","article-title":"Diagnostic strategies for childhood tuberculosis in the context of primary care in a high burden setting: the value of alternative sampling methods","volume":"39","author":"Hanrahan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Paediatric International Child Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0105|cit105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-017-2806-3","article-title":"Evaluation of Xpert MTB\/RIF testing for rapid diagnosis of childhood pulmonary tuberculosis in children by Xpert MTB\/RIF testing of stool samples in a low resource setting","volume":"10","author":"Hasan","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Research Notes"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0106|cit106","unstructured":"Jaganath D Data request for WHO GDG - Parallel use of NAAT on respiratory specimens and stool Email to: Sayera Banu and Senjuti Kabir"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0107|cit107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e18","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit230","article-title":"Xpert MTB\/RIF testing of stool samples for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in children","volume":"57","author":"Nicol","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0108|cit108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2101116","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01116-2021","article-title":"Tuberculosis diagnostic accuracy of stool Xpert MTB\/RIF and urine AlereLAM in vulnerable children","volume":"59","author":"Orikiriza","year":"2022","journal-title":"European Respiratory Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0109|cit109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.16.0357","article-title":"Stool Xpert\u00ae MTB\/RIF test for the diagnosis of childhood pulmonary tuberculosis at primary clinics in Zimbabwe","volume":"21","author":"Chipinduro","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0110|cit110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001662","article-title":"Stool Xpert MTB\/RIF and urine lipoarabinomannan for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in hospitalized HIV-infected children","volume":"32","author":"LaCourse","year":"2018","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0111|cit111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2100526","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00526-2021","article-title":"A prospective multicentrediagnostic accuracy study for the Truenat tuberculosis assays","volume":"58","author":"Penn-Nicholson","year":"2021","journal-title":"European Respiratory Journal"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0112|cit112","unstructured":"Treatment Action Group Pipeline report 2024 - tuberculosis diagnostics https:\/\/www.treatmentactiongroup.org\/resources\/pipeline-report\/2024-pipeline-report 2024"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2-BIB0113|cit113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016071","article-title":"Parallel use of low-complexity automated nucleic acid amplification tests on respiratory samples and stool with or without lateral flow lipoarabinomannan assays to detect pulmonary tuberculosis disease in children","author":"Olbrich","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"}],"container-title":["Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T10:05:02Z","timestamp":1758535502000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/14651858.CD016071.pub2"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"name":"Cochrane Central Editorial Service","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]]},"references-count":113,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.cd016071.pub2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1465-1858"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1465-1858","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]]}}}