{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T17:52:12Z","timestamp":1755798732141,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["wiley.com","cochranelibrary.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd016202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T12:32:06Z","timestamp":1755606726000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Botulinum toxin for provoked vestibulodynia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2025","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4028-3837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saehyeon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine; SUNY Upstate Medical University; Syracuse NY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4309-2298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John J","family":"Paliakkara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine; SUNY Upstate Medical University; Syracuse NY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Schmutz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine; SUNY Upstate Medical University; Syracuse NY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9768-993X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norio","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry; Soseikai General Hospital; Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016202-BIB0001|cit1","first-page":"82","article-title":"A population-based assessment of chronic unexplained vulvar pain: have we underestimated the prevalence of vulvodynia?","volume":"58","author":"Harlow","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Women's Association (1972)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016202-BIB0002|cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2011.08.012","article-title":"Prevalence and demographic characteristics of vulvodynia in a population-based sample","volume":"206","author":"Reed","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016202-BIB0003|cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S37660","article-title":"Etiology, diagnosis, and clinical management of vulvodynia","volume":"6","author":"Sadownik","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Women's Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016202-BIB0004|cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1097\/LGT.0000000000000190","article-title":"2015 ISSVD, ISSWSH, and IPPS consensus terminology and classification of persistent vulvar pain and vulvodynia","volume":"20","author":"Bornstein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016202-BIB0005|cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-0164-2","article-title":"Vulvodynia","volume":"6","author":"Bergeron","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Disease Primers"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016202-BIB0006|cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esxm.2020.07.001","article-title":"Vulvodynia viewed from a disease prevention framework: insights from patient perspectives","volume":"8","author":"Webber","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sexual Medicine"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016202-BIB0007|cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2020.8682","article-title":"Gender disparity in the funding of diseases by the U.S. National Institutes of Health","volume":"30","author":"Mirin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Women's Health (2002)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016202-BIB0008|cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2022.02.008","article-title":"Treatment of provoked vulvodynia: a systematic review","volume":"19","author":"Bohm-Starke","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Sexual Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016202-BIB0009|cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-019-01085-1","article-title":"Treatment of vulvodynia: pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches","volume":"79","author":"Rosen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"issue":"2 Pt 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016202-BIB0010|cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2000.105567","article-title":"Pharmacology of botulinum toxin","volume":"43","author":"Huang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016202-BIB0011|cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2013.04.001","article-title":"OnabotulinumtoxinA 100 U significantly improves all idiopathic overactive bladder symptoms and quality of life in patients with overactive bladder and urinary incontinence: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"64","author":"Chapple","year":"2013","journal-title":"European Urology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016202-BIB0012|cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102416652092","article-title":"OnabotulinumtoxinA improves quality of life and reduces impact of chronic migraine over one year of treatment: pooled results from the PREEMPT randomized clinical trial program","volume":"36","author":"Lipton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cephalalgia: An International Journal of Headache"},{"issue":"6 Suppl","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016202-BIB0013|cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S125","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-200211001-00003","article-title":"Possible mechanisms for the effects of botulinum toxin on pain","volume":"18","author":"Arezzo Joseph","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clinical Journal of Pain"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016202-BIB0014|cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC40787.2023.10340830","article-title":"Changes in pelvic floor electrical activity and vulvar pain after botulinum toxin treatment of vestibulodynia: are clinical and electrophysiological outcomes related?","volume":"2023","author":"Albaladejo-Belmonte","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016202-BIB0015|cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2023.06.001","article-title":"Botulinum toxin injections as a treatment of refractory vulvodynia in adolescents: a case series","volume":"36","author":"Bhuiyan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016202-BIB0016|cit16","first-page":"635","article-title":"Subjective and objective outcomes of botulinum toxin type A treatment in vestibulodynia: pilot data","volume":"51","author":"Brown","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Reproductive Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016202-BIB0017|cit17","first-page":"467","article-title":"Botulinum toxin type A for the treatment of provoked vestibulodynia: an open-label, pilot study","volume":"51","author":"Dykstra","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Reproductive Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016202-BIB0018|cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2004.02.575","article-title":"Botulinum toxin a for vulvodynia: a case report","volume":"5","author":"Gunter","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Pain: Official Journal of the American Pain Society"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016202-BIB0019|cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2018.12.013","article-title":"Botulinum toxin-treatment of localized provoked vulvodynia refractory to conventional treatment","volume":"234","author":"Hedebo","year":"2019","journal-title":"European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016202-BIB0020|cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.4111\/kju.2013.54.1.48","article-title":"A retrospective study of the management of vulvodynia","volume":"54","author":"Jeon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Korean Journal of Urology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016202-BIB0021|cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1097\/SPV.0000000000000177","article-title":"Botulinum toxin A injections into pelvic floor muscles under electromyographic guidance for women with refractory high-tone pelvic floor dysfunction: a 6-month prospective pilot study","volume":"21","author":"Morrissey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Female Pelvic Medicine & Reconstructive Surgery"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016202-BIB0022|cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2011.10235.x","article-title":"Efficacy of high doses of botulinum toxin A for treating provoked vestibulodynia","volume":"164","author":"Pelletier","year":"2011","journal-title":"British Journal of Dermatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016202-BIB0023|cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13437","article-title":"Long-term assessment of effectiveness and quality of life of OnabotulinumtoxinA injections in provoked vestibulodynia","volume":"30","author":"Pelletier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology: JEADV"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016202-BIB0024|cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2010.443","article-title":"Successful treatment of vulvodynia with botulinum toxin A","volume":"147","author":"Tieu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Archives of Dermatology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016202-BIB0025|cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10.3390","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins15080476","article-title":"Treatment of vestibulodynia with submucosal injections of IncobotulinumtoxinA into targeted painful points: an open-label exploratory study","volume":"15","author":"Villa-Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016202-BIB0026|cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijir.3901487","article-title":"Botulinum toxin A for the management of vulvodynia","volume":"19","author":"Yoon","year":"2007","journal-title":"International Journal of Impotence Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016202-BIB0027|cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-019-05043-w","article-title":"Subcutaneous botulinum toxin type A injections for provoked vestibulodynia: a randomized placebo-controlled trial and exploratory subanalysis","volume":"299","author":"Diomande","year":"2019","journal-title":"Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016202-BIB0028|cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000004008","article-title":"Botulinum toxin A as a treatment for provoked vestibulodynia: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"136","author":"Haraldson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016202-BIB0029|cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2523","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2009.01378.x","article-title":"Botulinum toxin type A-a novel treatment for provoked vestibulodynia? Results from a randomized, placebo controlled, double blinded study","volume":"6","author":"Petersen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Sexual Medicine"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016202-BIB0030|cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13946","article-title":"Botulinum toxin injection for chronic pelvic pain: a systematic review","volume":"99","author":"Luo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016202-BIB0031|cit31","unstructured":"Higgins JP Lasserson T Thomas J Flemyng E Churchill R Methodological expectations of Cochrane intervention reviews. Cochrane: London, Version August 2023 Available from https:\/\/community.cochrane.org\/mecir-manual"},{"issue":"71","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016202-BIB0032|cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016202-BIB0033|cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1159\/000083259","article-title":"Botulinum toxin: mechanisms of action","volume":"53","author":"Dressler","year":"2005","journal-title":"European Neurology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016202-BIB0034|cit34","unstructured":"Sch\u00fcnemann H Bro\u017cek J Guyatt G Oxman A Handbook for grading the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations using the GRADE approach (updated October 2013). GRADE Working Group, 2013 Available from https:\/\/gdt.gradepro.org\/app\/handbook\/handbook.html"},{"issue":"S11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016202-BIB0035|cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S240","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20543","article-title":"Measures of adult pain: Visual analog scale for pain (VAS pain), numeric rating scale for pain (NRS pain), McGill pain questionnaire (MPQ), short-form McGill pain questionnaire (SF-MPQ), chronic pain grade scale (CPGS), short form-36 bodily pain scale (SF-36 BPS), and measure of intermittent and constant osteoarthritis pain (ICOAP)","volume":"63 Suppl 11","author":"Hawker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Care & Research"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016202-BIB0036|cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315881089","volume-title":"Handbook of Sexuality-Related Measures","author":"Fisher","year":"2013"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016202-BIB0037|cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1080\/009262300278597","article-title":"The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI): a multidimensional self-report instrument for the assessment of female sexual function","volume":"26","author":"Rosen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016202-BIB0038|cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","article-title":"The PHQ-9","volume":"16","author":"Kroenke","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of General Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016202-BIB0039|cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092","article-title":"A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7","volume":"166","author":"Spitzer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Archives of Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016202-BIB0040|cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/bf00964561","article-title":"Relationships between the Beck Depression Inventory and the Hamilton Psychiatric Rating Scale for depression in depressed outpatients","volume":"9","author":"Steer","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment"},{"issue":"3 & 4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016202-BIB0041|cit41","first-page":"145","article-title":"The state-trait anxiety inventory","volume":"5","author":"Spielberger","year":"1971","journal-title":"Revista Interamericana de Psicologia\/Interamerican Journal of Psychology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016202-BIB0042|cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-70486-4_14","volume-title":"Assessment of Depression","author":"Hamilton","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016202-BIB0043|cit43","unstructured":"Lefebvre C Glanville J Briscoe S Featherstone R Littlewood A Chapter 4: Searching for and selecting studies (chapter last updated March 2025). In: Higgins JP, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 6.5 (updated August 2024). Cochrane, 2024 Available from https:\/\/cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016202-BIB0044|cit44","unstructured":"Covidence Veritas Health Innovation 2014"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016202-BIB0045|cit45","first-page":"l4898","article-title":"RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"366","author":"Sterne","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016202-BIB0046|cit46","unstructured":"Higgins JP Li T Deeks JJ Chapter 6: Choosing effect measures and computing estimates of effect (chapter last updated August 2023). In: Higgins JP, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 6.5 (updated August 2024). Cochrane, 2024 Available from https:\/\/cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016202-BIB0047|cit47","unstructured":"Higgins JP Eldridge S Chapter 23: Including variants on randomized trials (chapter last updated October 2019). In: Higgins JP, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 6.5 (updated August 2024). Cochrane, 2024 Available from https:\/\/cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016202-BIB0048|cit48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1316","article-title":"A comparison of heterogeneity variance estimators in simulated random-effects meta-analyses","volume":"10","author":"Langan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Research Synthesis Methods"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016202-BIB0049|cit49","unstructured":"Deeks JJ Higgins JP Altman DG Chapter 10: Analysing data and undertaking meta-analyses (chapter last updated November 2024). In: Higgins JP, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 6.5 (updated August 2024). Cochrane, 2024 Available from https:\/\/cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016202-BIB0050|cit50","unstructured":"Review Manager (RevMan) The Cochrane Collaboration 2024"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016202-BIB0051|cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"l6890","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l6890","article-title":"Synthesis without meta-analysis (SWiM) in systematic reviews: reporting guideline","volume":"368","author":"Campbell","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016202-BIB0052|cit52","unstructured":"Welch VA Petkovic J Jull J Hartling L Klassen T Kristjansson E Chapter 16: Equity and specific populations (chapter last updated October 2019). In: Higgins JP, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 6.5 (updated August 2024). Cochrane, 2024 Available from https:\/\/cochrane.org\/handbook"}],"container-title":["Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T12:32:08Z","timestamp":1755606728000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/14651858.CD016202"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"name":"Cochrane Central Editorial Service","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.cd016202","relation":{},"ISSN":["1465-1858"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1465-1858"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]]}}}