{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T13:51:24Z","timestamp":1773669084649,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["wiley.com","cochranelibrary.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd016341","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T12:49:52Z","timestamp":1773665392000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Digital interventions for improving quality of life and physical function in adults aged 50 and over living with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4581-0843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Rita","family":"Henriques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EpiDoC Unit, CHRC; NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa; Lisboa Portugal"},{"name":"Research Centre for Digital Medicine (REDM)  Research Group, Department of Public Health; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Brussel Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa; Lisboa Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8953-4126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia","family":"Silv\u00e9rio Serra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHRC; NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa; Lisboa Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1551-6531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHRC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa; Lisboa Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0059-2141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elsa","family":"Mateus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHRC; NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa; Lisboa Portugal"},{"name":"Liga Portuguesa Contra as Doen\u00e7as Reum\u00e1ticas; Lisboa Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monserrat","family":"Conde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences; University of Oxford; Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7589-9901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno","family":"Mendon\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EpiDoC Unit, CHRC; NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa; Lisboa Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5656-6236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diederik","family":"De Cock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Digital Medicine (REDM) Research Group, Department of Public Health; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Brussel Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2046-8017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Maria","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EpiDoC Unit, CHRC; NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa; Lisboa Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0001|cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e90633","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0090633","article-title":"The burden of musculoskeletal conditions","volume":"9","author":"Palazzo","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"issue":"10267","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0002|cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2006","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32340-0","article-title":"Global estimates of the need for rehabilitation based on the Global Burden of Disease study 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"396","author":"Cieza","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0003|cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000166","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2015-000166","article-title":"Prevalence of rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases and their impact on health-related quality of life, physical function and mental health in Portugal: results from EpiReumaPt \u2013 a national health survey","volume":"2","author":"Branco","year":"2016","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0004|cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S243","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnw002","article-title":"Musculoskeletal health conditions represent a global threat to healthy aging: a report for the 2015 World Health Organization World report on ageing and health","volume":"56","author":"Briggs","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0005|cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-021-02821-8","article-title":"Global prevalence of osteoporosis among the world older adults: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Salari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0006|cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2009.08.006","article-title":"Why is osteoarthritis an age-related disease?","volume":"24","author":"Shane","year":"2010","journal-title":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0007|cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2025.100707","article-title":"Addressing the growing burden of musculoskeletal diseases in the ageing US population: challenges and innovations","volume":"6","author":"Nguyen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Healthy Longevity"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0008|cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083879","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.1083879","article-title":"Elderly-onset rheumatoid arthritis vs. polymyalgia rheumatica: differences in pathogenesis","volume":"9","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers in Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0009|cit9","unstructured":"World Health Organization International classification of functioning, disability and health: ICF; 2001 Available at https:\/\/www.who.int\/standards\/classifications\/international-classification-of-functioning-disability-and-health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0010|cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23518","article-title":"2015 American College of Rheumatology workforce study: supply and demand projections of adult rheumatology workforce, 2015-2030","volume":"70","author":"Battafarano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arthritis Care & Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0011|cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-023-06309-w","article-title":"Digital health in musculoskeletal care: where are we heading?","volume":"24","author":"Gupta","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0012|cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-024-01177-7","article-title":"Rheumatology in the digital health era: status quo and quo vadis?","volume":"20","author":"Knitza","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Rheumatology"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0013|cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16503","DOI":"10.3390\/su152316503","article-title":"Digital health interventions for promoting healthy aging: a systematic review of adoption patterns, efficacy, and user experience","volume":"15","author":"Alruwaili","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0014|cit14","unstructured":"World Health Organization Recommendations on digital interventions for health system strengthening; 2019 Available at https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789241550505"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0015|cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-020-01385-8","article-title":"E-health interventions for healthy aging: a systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Buyl","year":"2020","journal-title":"Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0016|cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-18036-5","article-title":"Barriers and facilitators to health technology adoption by older adults with chronic diseases: an integrative systematic review","volume":"24","author":"Bertolazzi","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0017|cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-11623-w","article-title":"Barriers and facilitators to the use of e-health by older adults: a scoping review","volume":"21","author":"Wilson","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0018|cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e001014","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2019-001014","article-title":"EULAR points to consider for the development, evaluation and implementation of mobile health applications aiding self-management in people living with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases","volume":"5","author":"Najm","year":"2019","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0019|cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-020-0461-x","article-title":"Digital health technologies: opportunities and challenges in rheumatology","volume":"16","author":"Solomon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Rheumatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0020|cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2493139","DOI":"10.1080\/21642850.2025.2493139","article-title":"Bridging the digital health divide: a narrative review of the causes, implications, and solutions for digital health inequalities","volume":"13","author":"Western","year":"2025","journal-title":"Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0021|cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-023-00899-4","article-title":"Barriers and facilitators to utilizing digital health technologies by healthcare professionals","volume":"6","author":"Borges Do Nascimento","year":"2023","journal-title":"NPJ Digital Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0022|cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e50616","DOI":"10.2196\/50616","article-title":"Effects of digital physical health exercises on musculoskeletal diseases: systematic review with best-evidence synthesis","volume":"12","author":"Nagel","year":"2024","journal-title":"JMIR mHealth and uHealth"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0023|cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e37869","DOI":"10.2196\/37869","article-title":"Digital health interventions for musculoskeletal pain conditions: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"24","author":"Valentijn","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Internet Research"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0024|cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e40735","DOI":"10.2196\/40735","article-title":"Effectiveness of different telerehabilitation strategies on pain and physical function in patients with knee osteoarthritis: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"Xiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Internet Research"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0025|cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e53262","DOI":"10.2196\/53262","article-title":"Mhealth apps for the self-management of low back pain: systematic search in app stores and content analysis","volume":"12","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"JMIR MHealth and UHealth"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0026|cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e15617","DOI":"10.2196\/15617","article-title":"The effectiveness of digital health interventions in the management of musculoskeletal conditions: systematic literature review","volume":"22","author":"Hewitt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Internet Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0027|cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e005280","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2024-005280","article-title":"Getting prepared for the silver wave: challenges in conducting rheumatic and musculoskeletal disease research in older adults","volume":"11","author":"Truijen","year":"2025","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"issue":"02","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0028|cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.2471\/blt.24.292168","article-title":"Randomized controlled trials of digital health interventions for rheumatic disease management: a systematic review","volume":"103","author":"Santosa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0029|cit29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2016.06.008","article-title":"Evaluating Digital Health Interventions","volume":"51","author":"Murray","year":"2016","journal-title":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0030|cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-90154-6_8","volume-title":"Digital Public Health","author":"Lange","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0031|cit31","unstructured":"World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion; 1986 Available at https:\/\/iris.who.int\/handle\/10665\/349652"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0032|cit32","unstructured":"WHO Health Promotion team WHOQOL: Measuring Quality of Life; March 2012 Available at https:\/\/www.who.int\/tools\/whoqol"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0033|cit33","unstructured":"EuroQol Research Foundation EuroQol; 21 January 2025 Available at https:\/\/euroqol.org\/information-and-support\/euroqol-instruments\/eq-5d-5l\/"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0034|cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8510(90)90421-9","article-title":"EuroQol - a new facility for the measurement of health-related quality of life","volume":"16","author":"EuroQol Group","year":"1990","journal-title":"Health Policy"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0035|cit35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199206000-00002","article-title":"The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). I. Conceptual framework and item selection","volume":"30","author":"Ware","year":"1992","journal-title":"Medical Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0036|cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199603000-00003","article-title":"A 12-item short-form health survey","volume":"34","author":"Ware","year":"1996","journal-title":"Medical Care"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0037|cit37","unstructured":"World Health Organization The World Health Organization quality of life (WHOQOL) \u2013 BREF; February 2012 Available at https:\/\/iris.who.int\/items\/50ac81c5-287a-41da-a520-b876207d9bb8"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0038|cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1080\/1360786031000101157","article-title":"A measure of quality of life in early old age: the theory, development and properties of a needs satisfaction model (CASP-19)","volume":"7","author":"Hyde","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aging & Mental Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0039|cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-007-9220-5","article-title":"The evaluation of a self-enumerated scale of quality of life (CASP-19) in the context of research on ageing: a combination of exploratory and confirmatory approaches","volume":"89","author":"Wiggins","year":"2008","journal-title":"Social Indicators Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0040|cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1177\/026921639500900306","article-title":"The McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire: a measure of quality of life appropriate for people with advanced disease. A preliminary study of validity and acceptability","volume":"9","author":"Cohen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Palliative Medicine"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0041|cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/36.8.878","article-title":"The reliability and construct validity of the RAQoL: a rheumatoid arthritis-specific quality of life instrument","volume":"36","author":"De Jong","year":"1997","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0042|cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-1-20","article-title":"The Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire: dimensions and practical applications","volume":"1","author":"Bruce","year":"2003","journal-title":"Health and Quality of Life Outcomes"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0043|cit43","first-page":"61","article-title":"Functional evaluation: the Barthel Index","volume":"14","author":"Mahoney","year":"1965","journal-title":"Maryland State Medical Journal"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0044|cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/353252","article-title":"The De Morton Mobility Index: normative data for a clinically useful mobility instrument","volume":"2012","author":"Macri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Aging Research"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0045|cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1963.03060120024016","article-title":"Studies of illness in the aged: the Index of ADL: a standardized measure of biological and psychosocial function","volume":"184","author":"Katz","year":"1963","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0046|cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-1-64","article-title":"The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS): from joint injury to osteoarthritis","volume":"1","author":"Roos","year":"2003","journal-title":"Health and Quality of Life Outcomes"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0047|cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1080\/03009740310000409","article-title":"Hip disability and osteoarthritis outcome score. An extension of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index","volume":"32","year":"2003","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0048|cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199502000-00016","article-title":"The Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale: measurement properties","volume":"20","author":"Kopec","year":"1995","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0049|cit49","first-page":"387","article-title":"Balance in elderly patients: the \"get-up and go\" test","volume":"67","author":"Mathias","year":"1986","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0050|cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.1999.10608028","article-title":"A 30-s chair-stand test as a measure of lower body strength in community-residing older adults","volume":"70","author":"Jones","year":"1999","journal-title":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0051|cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.1923","article-title":"Gait speed and survival in older adults","volume":"305","author":"Studenski","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0052|cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"M85","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/49.2.m85","article-title":"A short physical performance battery assessing lower extremity function: association with self-reported disability and prediction of mortality and nursing home admission","volume":"49","author":"Guralnik","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Gerontology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0053|cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2015.116","article-title":"Patient-reported outcomes in core domain sets for rheumatic diseases","volume":"11","author":"Tuyl","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Rheumatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0054|cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1177\/1357633X20927587","article-title":"Components, design and effectiveness of digital physical rehabilitation interventions for older people: a systematic review","volume":"28","author":"Tonga","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0055|cit55","unstructured":"Lefebvre C Glanville J Briscoe S Featherstone R Littlewood A Noel-Storr A Paynter R Rader T Thomas J Wieland LS Chapter 4: Searching for and selecting studies (chapter last updated March 2025). In: Higgins JP, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, et al, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 6.5 (updated August 2024). Cochrane, 2024 Available from https:\/\/cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0056|cit56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e068791","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2021-068791","article-title":"Searching clinical trials registers: guide for systematic reviewers","volume":"377","author":"Hunter","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0057|cit57","unstructured":"Covidence Veritas Health Innovation Veritas Health Innovation 2026"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0058|cit58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-020-00287-7","article-title":"An open source machine learning framework for efficient and transparent systematic reviews","volume":"3","author":"Van De Schoot","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0059|cit59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"b2700","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2700","article-title":"The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate healthcare interventions: explanation and elaboration","volume":"339","author":"Liberati","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0060|cit60","first-page":"n:71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0061|cit61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"g1687","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g1687","article-title":"Better reporting of interventions: template for intervention description and replication (TIDieR) checklist and guide","volume":"348","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0062|cit62","unstructured":"Higgins JP Savovi\u0107 J Page MJ Elbers RG Sterne JA Chapter 8: Assessing risk of bias in a randomized trial (chapter last updated October 2019). In: Higgins JP, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, et al, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 6.5 (updated August 2024). Cochrane, 2024 Available from https:\/\/cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0063|cit63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"l4898","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","article-title":"RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"366","author":"Sterne","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0064|cit64","unstructured":"Sterne JA Higgins JP Eldridge S Reeves BC Savovi\u0107 J Risk of bias 2 (RoB 2) tool for cluster-randomized trials; 18 March 2021 https:\/\/www.riskofbias.info\/welcome\/rob-2-0-tool\/rob-2-for-cluster-randomized-trials"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0065|cit65","unstructured":"Sterne JA Higgins JP Hern\u00e1n MA Reeves BC Savovi\u0107 J ROBINS-I V2 tool; 22 November 2024 Available at https:\/\/sites.google.com\/site\/riskofbiastool\/welcome\/robins-i-v2"},{"issue":"7650","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0066|cit66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39489.470347.AD","article-title":"GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations","volume":"336","author":"Guyatt","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0067|cit67","unstructured":"Sch\u00fcnemann HJ Higgins JP Vist GE Glasziou P Akl EA Skoetz N Chapter 14: Completing \u2018Summary of findings\u2019 tables and grading the certainty of the evidence (chapter last updated August 2023). In: Higgins JP, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, et al, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 6.5 (updated August 2024). Cochrane, 2024 Available from https:\/\/cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0068|cit68","unstructured":"Higgins JP Li T Deeks JJ Chapter 6: Choosing effect measures and computing estimates of effect (chapter last updated August 2023). In: Higgins JP, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, et al, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 6.5 (updated August 2024). Cochrane, 2024 Available from https:\/\/cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0069|cit69","unstructured":"Higgins JP Eldridge S Li T Chapter 23: Including variants on randomized trials (chapter last updated October 2019). In: Higgins JP, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, et al, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 6.5 (updated August 2024). Cochrane, 2024 Available from https:\/\/cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0070|cit70","unstructured":"Deeks JJ Higgins JP Altman DG McKenzie JE Veroniki AA Chapter 10: Chapter 10: Analysing data and undertaking meta-analyses (chapter last updated November 2024). In: Higgins JP, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, et al, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 6.5 (updated August 2024). Cochrane, 2024 Available from https:\/\/cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"issue":"7109","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0071|cit71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629","article-title":"Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test","volume":"315","author":"Egger","year":"1997","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0072|cit72","unstructured":"McKenzie J Brennan S Ryan R Thomson HJ Johnston RV Chapter 9: Summarizing study characteristics and preparing for synthesis (chapter last updated October 2019). In: Higgins JP, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, et al, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 6.5 (updated August 2024). Cochrane, 2024 Available from https:\/\/cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0073|cit73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2013.08.005","article-title":"Applying an equity lens to interventions: using PROGRESS ensures consideration of socially stratifying factors to illuminate inequities in health","volume":"67","author":"O'Neill","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0074|cit74","unstructured":"Review Manager (RevMan) The Cochrane Collaboration 2026"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0075|cit75","unstructured":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing RStudio Team R Foundation for Statistical Computing 2025"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0076|cit76","unstructured":"meta: General Package for Meta-Analysis Schwarzer G Carpenter JR R\u00fccker G Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN) 2025 10.32614\/CRAN.package.metafor"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0077|cit77","unstructured":"metafor: Meta\u2011Analysis Package for R (R package version 4.8\u20110) Viechtbauer W Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN) 2025"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0078|cit78","unstructured":"McKenzie JE Brennan SE Chapter 12: Synthesizing and presenting findings using other methods (chapter last updated October 2019). In: Higgins JP, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, et al, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 6.5 (updated August 2024). Cochrane, 2024 Available from https:\/\/cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0079|cit79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"l6890","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l6890","article-title":"Synthesis without meta-analysis (SWiM) in systematic reviews: reporting guideline","volume":"368","author":"Campbell","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"414","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0080|cit80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","article-title":"Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses","volume":"327","author":"Higgins","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0081|cit81","unstructured":"Welch VA Petkovic J Jull J Hartling L Klassen T Kristjansson E Chapter 16: Equity and specific populations (chapter last updated October 2019). In: Higgins JP, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, et al, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 6.5 (updated August 2024). Cochrane, 2024 Available from https:\/\/cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0082|cit82","unstructured":"GRADEpro GDT McMaster University (developed by Evidence Prime) 2026"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016341-BIB0083|cit83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"j3453","DOI":"10.1186\/s40900-017-0062-2","article-title":"GRIPP2 reporting checklists: tools to improve reporting of patient and public involvement in research","volume":"3","author":"Staniszewska","year":"2017","journal-title":"Research Involvement and Engagement"}],"container-title":["Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T12:49:56Z","timestamp":1773665396000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/14651858.CD016341"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"name":"Cochrane Central Editorial Service","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.cd016341","relation":{},"ISSN":["1465-1858"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1465-1858","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]]}}}