{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T15:53:23Z","timestamp":1781884403110,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["wiley.com","cochranelibrary.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd016352","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T15:12:22Z","timestamp":1781881942000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Surgery for wrist osteoarthritis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2026","author":[{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Shaheen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford Medical School; Palo Alto California USA"},{"name":"Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery; University of Michigan Medical School; Ann Arbor MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brennen T","family":"McManus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery; University of Michigan Medical School; Ann Arbor MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vieda","family":"Lusa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tampere University Hospital; Tampere 33520 Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin C","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery; University of Michigan Medical School; Ann Arbor MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5650-895X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teemu V","family":"Karjalainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hand and Reconstructive Microsurgery; Tampere University Hospital; Tampere 33520 Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0001|cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2013.03.018","article-title":"The epidemiology and impact of pain in osteoarthritis","volume":"21","author":"Neogi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0002|cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2011.150078","article-title":"Prevalence, incidence and progression of hand osteoarthritis in the general population: the Framingham Osteoarthritis Study","volume":"70","author":"Haugen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0003|cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000438463.90968.d6","article-title":"Osteoarthritis of the wrist","volume":"133","author":"Cayci","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0004|cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2014.06.025","article-title":"Wrist osteoarthritis","volume":"101","author":"Laulan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0005|cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.48.4.271","article-title":"Epidemiology of osteoarthritis: Zoetermeer survey. Comparison of radiological osteoarthritis in a Dutch population with that in 10 other populations","volume":"48","author":"Saase","year":"1989","journal-title":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"},{"issue":"5-6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0006|cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2016.07.004","article-title":"An update on the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis","volume":"59","author":"Mobasheri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0007|cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-023-00301-9","article-title":"Risk of metabolic abnormalities in osteoarthritis: a new perspective to understand its pathological mechanisms","volume":"11","author":"Wei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bone Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0008|cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/s0363-5023(84)80223-3","article-title":"The SLAC wrist: scapholunate advanced collapse pattern of degenerative arthritis","volume":"9","author":"Watson","year":"1984","journal-title":"Journal of Hand Surgery"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0009|cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.3390\/tomography7040042","article-title":"SLAC and SNAC wrist: the top five things that general radiologists need to know","volume":"7","author":"Kompoliti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Tomography"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0010|cit10","volume-title":"Grabb and Smith\u2019s Plastic Surgery","author":"Chung","year":"2019"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0011|cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2007.12.017","article-title":"Understanding the pain experience in hip and knee osteoarthritis--an OARSI\/OMERACT initiative","volume":"16","author":"Hawker","year":"2008","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0012|cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ket247","article-title":"Osteoarthritis: a progressive disease with changing phenotypes","volume":"53","author":"Casta\u00f1eda","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0013|cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1177\/17531934241275450","article-title":"Patterns of osteoarthritis of the wrist: a single-centre observational cohort study","volume":"50","author":"Cornette","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Surgery (European Volume)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0014|cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mporth.2018.11.012","article-title":"Management of osteoarthritis of the wrist and hand","volume":"33","author":"Islam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0015|cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1177\/145749690809700406","article-title":"Wrist osteoarthritis","volume":"97","author":"Talwalkar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Surgery"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0016|cit16","volume-title":"Wrist Osteoarthritis-Impact on Daily Life, Self-Management and Outcome [Doctoral dissertation]","author":"Larsson","year":"2024"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0017|cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-019-0221-y","article-title":"Therapeutic options for targeting inflammatory osteoarthritis pain","volume":"15","author":"Conaghan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Rheumatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0018|cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2022.11.007","article-title":"The biomechanics of osteoarthritis in the hand: implications and prospects for hand therapy","volume":"35","author":"Kerkhof","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Hand Therapy"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0019|cit19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1177\/17531934251327034","article-title":"The role of orthobiologics in bone healing and joint and tendon degeneration in the upper limb","volume":"50","author":"Bin Shahri","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0020|cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193408100954","article-title":"Proximal row carpectomy vs four corner fusion for scapholunate (Slac) or scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse (Snac) wrists: a systematic review of outcomes","volume":"34","author":"Mulford","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume)"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0021|cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481\u201399","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-55869-6_39","volume-title":"Carpal Instability: The Comprehensive Case-Based Approach","author":"Frix","year":"2024"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0022|cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.22038\/ABJS.2022.65875.3154","article-title":"Total wrist arthrodesis: an update on indications, technique and outcomes","volume":"11","author":"Rodriguez-Merchan","year":"2023","journal-title":"The Archives of Bone and Joint Surgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0023|cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-15-00424","article-title":"Total wrist arthrodesis: indications and clinical outcomes","volume":"25","author":"Wei","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0024|cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2007.02.003","article-title":"Osteoarthritis of the wrist","volume":"32","author":"Weiss","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Hand Surgery"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0025|cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2011.03.002","article-title":"Effects of proximal row carpectomy on wrist biomechanics: a cadaveric study","volume":"26","author":"Sobczak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clinical Biomechanics"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0026|cit26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2359","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200411000-00001","article-title":"Proximal row carpectomy: study with a minimum of ten years of follow-up","volume":"86","author":"DiDonna","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0027|cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2016.12.004","article-title":"Total wrist arthroplasty","volume":"42","author":"Halim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Hand Surgery"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0028|cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2015.09.016","article-title":"Total wrist arthroplasty: a single-center study of 219 cases with 5-year follow-up","volume":"40","author":"Sagerfors","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Journal of Hand Surgery"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0029|cit29","first-page":"549","article-title":"Medium term outcomes of the Universal 2 total wrist arthroplasty in patients with degenerative or posttraumatic osteoarthritis of the wrist","volume":"86","author":"Gendera","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Orthopaedica Belgica"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0030|cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1177\/1558944721994251","article-title":"Denervation as a treatment for arthritis of the hands: a systematic review of the current literature","volume":"18","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hand"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0031|cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.16218.2.","article-title":"Therapeutic interventions for osteoarthritis of the wrist: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Dean","year":"2018","journal-title":"F1000Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0032|cit32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.09.076","article-title":"The never-ending battle between proximal row carpectomy and four corner arthrodesis: a systematic review and meta-analysis for the final verdict","volume":"75","author":"Ahmadi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0033|cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000002398","article-title":"Four-corner arthrodesis versus proximal row carpectomy for scapholunate advanced collapse: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis","volume":"85","author":"Amer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annals of Plastic Surgery"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0034|cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2022.103373","article-title":"Proximal row carpectomy generates better mid- to long-term outcomes than four-corner arthrodesis for post-traumatic wrist arthritis: a meta-analysis","volume":"108","author":"Chammas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0035|cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2024.01.011","article-title":"Four-corner fusion versus proximal row carpectomy for scapholunate advanced collapse and scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse wrist: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"49","author":"Hones","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Hand Surgery"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0036|cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hansur.2023.03.006","article-title":"Proximal row carpectomy versus four-corner arthrodesis in the treatment of SLAC and SNAC wrist: meta-analysis and literature review","volume":"42","author":"Reyniers","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hand Surgery and Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0037|cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hansur.2020.05.010","article-title":"Partial wrist denervation versus total wrist denervation: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"39","author":"Smeraglia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hand Surgery & Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"05","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0038|cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1646956","article-title":"Systematic review of total wrist arthroplasty and arthrodesis in wrist arthritis","volume":"7","author":"Berber","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Wrist Surgery"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0039|cit39","unstructured":"Higgins JP Lasserson T Thomas J Flemyng E Churchill R Methodological expectations of Cochrane intervention reviews. Cochrane: London, Version August 2023 Available from https:\/\/community.cochrane.org\/mecir-manual"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0040|cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0041|cit41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2021.06.004","article-title":"A standard set for outcome measurement in patients with hand and wrist conditions: consensus by the International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement Hand and Wrist Working Group","volume":"46","author":"Wouters","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Hand Surgery"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0042|cit42","volume-title":"OMERACT Handbook","author":"Beaton","year":"2025"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0043|cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199811000-00009","article-title":"Patient rating of wrist pain and disability: a reliable and valid measurement tool","volume":"12","author":"MacDermid","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0044|cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1053\/joca.2002.0837","article-title":"Dimensionality and clinical importance of pain and disability in hand osteoarthritis: development of the Australian\/Canadian (AUSCAN) Osteoarthritis Hand Index","volume":"10","author":"Bellamy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0045|cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keh360","article-title":"Development of the M-SACRAH, a modified, shortened version of SACRAH (Score for the Assessment and Quantification of Chronic Rheumatoid Affections of the Hands)","volume":"43","author":"Sautner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"6 Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0046|cit46","first-page":"43S","article-title":"Validation of an algofunctional index for osteoarthritis of the hand","volume":"62","author":"Dreiser","year":"1995","journal-title":"Revue du Rhumatisme (English ed)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0047|cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/s0363-5023(98)80042-7","article-title":"Reliability and validity testing of the Michigan Hand Outcomes questionnaire","volume":"23","author":"Chung","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Hand Surgery"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0048|cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1002\/(sici)1097-0274(199606)29:6<602::aid-ajim4>3.0.co;2-l","article-title":"Development of an upper extremity outcome measure: the DASH (disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and head)","volume":"29","author":"Hudak","year":"1996","journal-title":"American Journal of Industrial Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0049|cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193408093810","article-title":"Validation of a modern activity hand survey with respect to reliability, construct and criterion validity","volume":"33","author":"Alexander","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Hand Surgery, European Volume"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0050|cit50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(98)90167-8","article-title":"ABILHAND: a Rasch-built measure of manual ability","volume":"79","author":"Penta","year":"1998","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0051|cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-0577","article-title":"Development and psychometric testing of the patient-reported measure of activity performance of the hand (MAP-Hand) in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"42","author":"Paulsen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0052|cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2009.11.012","article-title":"Psychometric validation of the Manual Ability Measure-36 (MAM-36) in patients with neurologic and musculoskeletal disorders","volume":"91","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0053|cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.3138\/ptc.2013-45","article-title":"Reliability and validity of two versions of the upper extremity functional index","volume":"66","author":"Chesworth","year":"2014","journal-title":"Physiotherapy Canada"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0054|cit54","unstructured":"Lefebvre C Glanville J Briscoe S Featherstone R Littlewood A Technical supplement to Chapter 4: Searching for and selecting studies (chapter last updated September 2024). In: Higgins JP, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston MS, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 6.5 (updated August 2024). Cochrane, 2024 Available from https:\/\/www.cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0055|cit55","unstructured":"Covidence Veritas Health Innovation 2025"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0056|cit56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.11.003","article-title":"Machine learning reduced workload with minimal risk of missing studies: development and evaluation of a randomized controlled trial classifier for Cochrane Reviews","volume":"133","author":"Thomas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0057|cit57","unstructured":"Li T Higgins JP Deeks JJ Chapter 5: Collecting data (chapter last updated October 2019). In: Higgins JP, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 6.5 (updated August 2024). Cochrane, 2024 Available from https:\/\/www.cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0058|cit58","unstructured":"Review Manager (RevMan) The Cochrane Collaboration 2026"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0059|cit59","unstructured":"WebPlotDigitizer Rohatgi A Automeris LLC 2024"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0060|cit60","unstructured":"Higgins JP Altman DG Sterne JA Chapter 8: Assessing risk of bias in included studies. In: Higgins JP, Green S, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011 Available from https:\/\/www.cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0061|cit61","unstructured":"Higgins JP Li T Deeks JJ Chapter 6: Choosing effect measures and computing estimates of effect [last updated August 2023]. In: Higgins JP, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, et al, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 6.5. Cochrane, 2024 Available from https:\/\/www.cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0062|cit62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e028777","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-028777","article-title":"Minimal important differences for improvement in shoulder condition patient-reported outcomes: a systematic review to inform a BMJ Rapid Recommendation","volume":"9","author":"Hao","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0063|cit63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.2165\/00019053-200725050-00002","article-title":"Health utilities using the EQ-5D in studies of cancer","volume":"25","author":"Pickard","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pharmacoeconomics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0064|cit64","unstructured":"GRADEpro GDT McMaster University (developed by Evidence Prime) 2025"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0065|cit65","unstructured":"Welch VA Petkovic J Jull J Hartling L Klassen T Kristjansson E Chapter 16: Equity and specific populations (chapter last updated October 2019). In: Higgins JP, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 6.5 (updated August 2024). Cochrane, 2024 Available from https:\/\/www.cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0066|cit66","unstructured":"Page MJ Higgins JP Sterne JA Chapter 13: Assessing risk of bias due to missing evidence in a meta-analysis (chapter last updated August 2024). In: Higgins JP, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 6.5 (updated August 2024). Cochrane, 2024 Available from https:\/\/www.cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0067|cit67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","article-title":"Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses","volume":"327","author":"Higgins","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0068|cit68","unstructured":"Deeks JJ Higgins JP Altman DG McKenzie JE Veroniki AA Chapter 10: Analysing data and undertaking meta-analyses (chapter last updated November 2024). In: Higgins JP, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 6.5 (updated August 2024). Cochrane, 2024 Available from https:\/\/www.cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD016352-BIB0069|cit69","unstructured":"The Campbell and Cochrane Equity Methods Group\u00a0 PROGRESS-Plus https:\/\/methods.cochrane.org\/equity\/projects\/evidence-equity\/progress-plus"}],"container-title":["Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T15:12:30Z","timestamp":1781881950000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/14651858.CD016352"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"name":"Cochrane Central Editorial Service","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.cd016352","relation":{},"ISSN":["1465-1858"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1465-1858","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]]}}}