{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T20:26:30Z","timestamp":1790799990332,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767312000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Blood &amp; Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Radiotherapy (RT) is essential in pediatric cancer treatment and often requires complete immobility. In younger or noncompliant children, this is typically achieved through sedation or general anesthesia (GA), which raises concerns about acute complications and potential long\u2010term neurodevelopmental effects. Despite widespread use, standardized anesthesia protocols for pediatric RT are lacking. To support the development of practice recommendations, the SIOPE Working Group on Pediatric Anesthesia in Radiation Therapy conducted a systematic literature review. Studies from Medline and Embase were reviewed (March\u2013September 2024) according to PRISMA guidelines, focusing on sedation and GA in pediatric RT. Thirty\u2010nine studies were included, mostly retrospective and of low to moderate quality. Considerable heterogeneity was observed in anesthetic techniques, staffing, and monitoring. Propofol\u2010based sedation was most frequently reported, with favorable safety when delivered by experienced pediatric anesthetists. Complication rates varied widely and were often poorly defined. Additional concerns included long\u2010term neurocognitive impact, vascular access, and procedural burden, especially in resource\u2010limited settings. Evidence supports the safe use of sedation\/GA in pediatric RT, but current literature is limited and inconsistent. Standardized protocols and prospective studies are urgently needed to better define safety, long\u2010term outcomes, and staffing requirements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/1545-5017.70090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]],"date-time":"2026-01-03T07:14:43Z","timestamp":1767424483000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Anesthesia in Pediatric Radiotherapy: A Systematic Literature Review by the SIOP Europe Working Group on Pediatric Anesthesia in Radiation Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Andrada","family":"Turcas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Advanced Studies in Science and Technology Babe\u0219\u2010Bolyai University  Cluj\u2010Napoca Romania"},{"name":"Radiotherapy Department Oncology Institute \u201cProf. Dr. Ion Chiricuta,\u201d  Cluj\u2010Napoca 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Hospital  Utrecht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Jouglar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Paris and Orsay Protontherapy Center Institut Curie, PSL Research University  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaiti","family":"Kostense","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Medical Centre  Groningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Maduro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen  Groningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Cristina","family":"Mondardini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliera\u2010Universitaria Di 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