{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T01:01:30Z","timestamp":1777942890124,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774915200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U10CA180886"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U10CA180886"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006058","name":"St. Baldrick's Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006058","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Blood &amp;amp; Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in pediatrics and infants are reported to have inferior outcomes. ARST1431 recommended delayed primary excision (DPE) while discouraging radiation (RT) deviations. This analysis compared outcomes among very young and older patients in this study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Procedures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Demographic and tumor characteristics were summarized using frequencies and percentages. Local failure (LF) frequency was summarized by age group, RT, and DPE status. Event\u2010free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using the Kaplan\u2013Meier method and compared between age groups using the log\u2010rank test.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 296 patients, 48 (16.2%) were &lt;24 months: 14 (4.7%) &lt; 12 months, 34 (11.5%) 12\u201324 months\u2013compared with 248 (83.8%) \u226524 months. DPE was performed in: 7 (50%), &lt;12 months; 9 (26%), 12\u201324 months; 56 (22%), \u226524 months. RT was given to 9 (64%), 27 (79%), and 195 (79%) of &lt;12, 12\u201324, and &gt;24 months, respectively. LF in DPE+RT was 8.3% and 6.1%, &lt; 24 months and \u2265 24 months, respectively, compared to 29.3% and 20.5% for RT without DPE. The 4\u2010year EFS did not vary: 56% (95% CI = 26.5, 86.0), 68% (95% CI = 51.2, 84.1), and 61% (95% CI = 54.2, 68.3) &lt;12, 12\u201324, and &gt;24 months old, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Outcomes in younger children are comparable to older children with local failure more common in those without DPE. Optimization of local control will be important for future studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial Registration Number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NCT02567435<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/1545-5017.70293","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T10:34:44Z","timestamp":1774953284000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Intermediate Risk Rhabdomyosarcoma in Very Young Children (Less Than or Equal to 24 Months) Treated on the Prior Children's Oncology Group Protocol ARST1431"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"73","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9419-738X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katrina","family":"Winsnes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Oregon Health and Science University  Portland Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie A.","family":"Bradley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology University of Florida  Jacksonville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhengya","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics College of Public Health and Health Professions College of Medicine University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abha A.","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology\/Oncology Sickkids University of Toronto  Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David H.","family":"Rothstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery Seattle Children's Hospital  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Archana","family":"Shenoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Cincinnati Children's Hospital  Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajkumar","family":"Venkatramani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics College of Public Health and Health Professions College of Medicine University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carola","family":"Arndt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Hematology\/Oncology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(24)00255-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.32204"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.22.3768"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.32205"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.25887"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2021.10.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.33275"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2025.03.038"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Blood &amp; 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