{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T12:15:20Z","timestamp":1789992920115,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015521","name":"Stanford Maternal and Child Health Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015521","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Blood &amp; Cancer"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There are limited real\u2010world comparative effectiveness data on different antibiotic prophylaxis regimens of children receiving treatment for acute myeloid leukemia (AML).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Procedure<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We compared the effectiveness of third\/fourth\u2010generation cephalosporin (cephalosporin) or quinolone prophylaxis with no antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent bacteremia during frontline AML therapy using an established cohort from 17 institutions. The prophylaxis regimen was at the discretion of the treating clinician. Secondary outcomes were\n                      <jats:italic>Clostridioides difficile<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection (CDI), time to next chemotherapy course, and mortality.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 550 pediatric patients with AML contributed data from 1758 chemotherapy courses. Incident bacteremia was lower following cephalosporin and quinolone prophylaxis compared to no prophylaxis in post\u2010induction I chemotherapy courses (6.9% cephalosporin vs. 33.9% no prophylaxis, risk ratio [RR] 0.20,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01; 20.8% quinolone vs. 33.9% no prophylaxis, RR 0.61,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01). Reduction in bacteremia risk was greater with cephalosporin than with quinolone prophylaxis (RR 0.33,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01). CDI was rare and was not increased in those receiving prophylaxis (2.5% quinolone vs. 3.6% cephalosporin vs. 5.7% no prophylaxis;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.05). Time to next course of chemotherapy was similar between groups except during intensification I, where patients receiving cephalosporin prophylaxis had a longer time to next chemotherapy (50\u00a0days for cephalosporin vs. 41\u00a0days for no prophylaxis,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01). Deaths during treatment were rare.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cephalosporin and quinolone prophylaxis reduced bacteremia without an increased risk of CDI. Additional work is needed to assess the differential impact of prophylaxis regimen on subsequent use of empiric therapy and development of resistance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/1545-5017.70678","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T11:53:32Z","timestamp":1789991612000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative Effectiveness of Antibiotic Prophylaxis Regimens in Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9775-2839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine","family":"Aftandilian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University  Palo Alto California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9067-6992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yimei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Children's Hospital of Philadelphia  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5602-7059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kira O.","family":"Bona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital Boston  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2873-6058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emi","family":"Caywood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A.I. Dupont Hospital for Children \u2013 Nemours  Wilmington Delaware USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3420-3167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taumoha","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Children's Hospital University of Utah  Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0947-104X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Monica","family":"Gramatges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Children's Hospital Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5612-3294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meret","family":"Henry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital of Michigan  Detroit Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig","family":"Lotterman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ochsner Medical Center for Children  New Orleans Louisiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Maloney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital of Colorado University of Colorado School of Medicine  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4250-5376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamara P.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Healthcare of Atlanta Emory University  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arunkumar","family":"Modi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arkansas Children's Hospital  Little Rock Arkansas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5574-1779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajen","family":"Mody","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2505-8885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elaine","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ann &amp; Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6636-3870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naomi","family":"Winick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center  Dallas Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3806-6019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer J.","family":"Wilkes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seattle Children's Hospital  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5254-0039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rady Children's Hospital San Diego  San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Aplenc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8224-4281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian T.","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly D.","family":"Getz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood\u20102013\u201001\u2010476614"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.12512"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.28688"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08880019409141902"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10428194.2019.1574002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.28385"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2403188"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.26254"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz1082"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004386.pub3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.481"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.25569"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix644"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/piu008"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Blood &amp; Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/1545-5017.70678","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/1545-5017.70678","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/1545-5017.70678","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T11:53:33Z","timestamp":1789991613000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/1545-5017.70678"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"references-count":14,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/1545-5017.70678"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/1545-5017.70678","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1545-5009","1545-5017"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1545-5009","type":"print"},{"value":"1545-5017","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70678"}}