{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T12:05:14Z","timestamp":1789646714813,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Blood & Cancer"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Central nervous system (CNS) tumors in infants are rare, pose unique clinical challenges, and lack large\u2010scale evidence\u2010based data to guide management. This study seeks to describe CNS tumors in Canadian infants and to compare their outcomes with those of older children.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Cancer in Young People in Canada (CYP\u2010C) database, a population\u2010based childhood cancer surveillance program in Canada. The study included all children under 10\u00a0years with newly diagnosed CNS tumors between 2001 and 2020. Cox proportional hazards models were employed to compare event\u2010free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) between infants (<1\u00a0year) and older children (1 to \u226410\u00a0years) in the overall cohort and stratified by CNS tumor subtype.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 3599 children with CNS tumors were included in the study, of whom 304 infants (8.4%) comprised the cohort. The median age of infants with CNS tumors was 6.1\u00a0months (IQR: 2.9\u20139.5). The most common CNS tumor subtypes in infants were gliomas and glioneuronal tumors (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 157, 51.7%, including 95 infants [31.3%] with low\u2010grade and 36 infants [11.8%] with high\u2010grade gliomas), followed by atypical teratoid\/rhabdoid tumors (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 45, 14.8%), choroid plexus tumors (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 33, 10.8%), ependymomas (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 31,\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 10.2%), and medulloblastomas (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 15, 5.3%). Infants had significantly more metastatic disease compared to older children (15.0% vs. 8.7%;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.001). Treatment approaches differed significantly between infants and older children, with infants receiving radiotherapy far less frequently (6.9% vs. 22.2%;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.001). Compared with older children, infants had worse 5\u2010year EFS (43.9% [95% CI: 35.9\u201350.1] vs. 57.7% [95% CI: 55.6\u201359.8];\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.001) and worse 5\u2010year OS (52.8% [95% CI: 45.3\u201359.8] vs. 66.7% [95% CI: 64.7\u201368.7];\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.001). In multivariable analyses adjusting for CNS tumor subtype and metastatic status, infants had significantly poorer EFS (adjusted HR [aHR] 1.55, 95% CI: 1.29\u20131.87;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.001) and OS (aHR 1.64, 95% CI: 1.34\u20132.01;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.011). Stratified by tumor subtypes, infants with low\u2010grade gliomas (OS HR 3.41, 95% CI: 1.76\u20136.63;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.001), medulloblastomas (OS HR 2.47, 95% CI: 1.15\u20135.30;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.02), and atypical teratoid\/rhabdoid tumors (OS HR 2.69, 95% CI: 1.71\u20134.23;\n p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n <\u00a00.001) demonstrated significantly inferior outcomes compared to older children.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Infants account for 8.4% of all children under 10\u00a0years with CNS tumors in Canada. Their outcomes are significantly worse than those of older children, particularly among patients with low\u2010grade gliomas, medulloblastomas, and atypical teratoid\/rhabdoid tumors.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/1545-5017.70691","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T11:53:33Z","timestamp":1789646013000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Central Nervous System Tumors Among Infants in Canada: A Report From CYP\u2010C"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6175-7547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel","family":"Sassine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Hematology\u2010Oncology Department of Pediatrics Charles\u2010Bruneau Cancer Center CHU Sainte\u2010Justine Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hallie","family":"Coltin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Hematology\u2010Oncology Department of Pediatrics Charles\u2010Bruneau Cancer Center CHU Sainte\u2010Justine Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4089-1739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylvia","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Hematology\/Oncology\/BMT B.C. Children's Hospital Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucie","family":"Lafay\u2010Cousin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Oncology\/BMT Alberta Children's Hospital Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2015-0615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanan Issai","family":"Magimairajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Hematology\u2010Oncology and BMT Cancer Care Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1394-7167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Craig","family":"Erker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Hematology\u2010Oncology Department of Pediatrics IWK Health Centre and Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8107-9969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"St\u00e9phanie","family":"Vairy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Hematology\u2010Oncology CHU de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynette","family":"Bowes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Hematology\u2010Oncology Janeway Child Health Center, St John's Newfoundland Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7194-3220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Fleming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Hematology\u2010Oncology McMaster Children's Hospital Hamilton Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6145-9809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donna","family":"Johnston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Hematology\u2010Oncology Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"McKillop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Hematology\u2010Oncology Stollery Children's Hospital Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2973-4687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roona","family":"Sinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Hematology\u2010Oncology Saskatoon Cancer Center Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4146-1511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Hematology\u2010Oncology Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Coleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Hematology\u2010Oncology Montreal Children's Hospital Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3447-0743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Wheaton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Hematology\u2010Oncology Kingston Health Sciences Centre Kingston Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shayna","family":"Zelcer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Hematology\u2010Oncology Children's Hospital London Health Sciences Centre London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuele","family":"Renzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Hematology\u2010Oncology CHU de Qu\u00e9bec \u2013 Centre M\u00e8re\u2010Enfant Soleil Quebec City Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8712-6233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thai Hoa","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Hematology\u2010Oncology Department of Pediatrics Charles\u2010Bruneau Cancer Center CHU Sainte\u2010Justine Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","first-page":"261","article-title":"Childhood Brain Tumors: Current Management, Biological Insights, and Future Directions","volume":"23","author":"Pollack I. 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