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The upper respiratory tract (URT) microbiota is less well studied and does not appear to abide by many of the paradigms of the gastrointestinal tract. Decades of carriage studies in children have demonstrated that microbe\u2013microbe competition and collusion occurs in the URT. Whether colonization with common pathogens (e.g., <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>) alters immune development or susceptibility to respiratory conditions is just beginning to be understood. Herein, we discuss the biogeography of the URT microbiota, the succession and evolution of the microbiota through the life course, and discuss the evidence for microbe\u2013microbe interactions in colonization and infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/1873-3468.12455","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,13]],"date-time":"2016-10-13T18:38:47Z","timestamp":1476383927000},"page":"3705-3720","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":94,"title":["Composition and immunological significance of the upper respiratory tract microbiota"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"590","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5063-0447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louis Patrick","family":"Schenck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences McMaster University Hamilton Canada"},{"name":"Michael G. 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