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Identifying Hoogsteen base pairs in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> duplexes remains challenging due to difficulties in resolving <jats:italic>syn<\/jats:italic> versus antipurine bases with X\u2010ray crystallography; and size limitations and line broadening can make them difficult to characterize by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NMR<\/jats:styled-content> spectroscopy. Here, we show how infrared (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IR<\/jats:styled-content>) spectroscopy can identify G\u2010C<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and A\u2010T Hoogsteen base pairs in duplex <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> across a range of different structural contexts. The utility of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010based detection of Hoogsteen base pairs is demonstrated by characterizing the first example of adjacent A\u2010T and G\u2010C<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> Hoogsteen base pairs in a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> duplex where severe broadening complicates detection with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NMR<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/1873-3468.12681","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,19]],"date-time":"2017-05-19T11:27:30Z","timestamp":1495193250000},"page":"1770-1784","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Robust <scp>IR<\/scp>\u2010based detection of stable and fractionally populated G\u2010C<sup>+<\/sup> and A\u2010T Hoogsteen base pairs in duplex <scp>DNA<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"591","author":[{"given":"Allison 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