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The <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> genus currently comprises 64 species divided into two major clades: the saprophytes composed of nonpathogenic, free\u2010living organisms, and the pathogens encompassing all the species that cause mild or severe infections in humans and animals. While saprophytes are highly susceptible to the lytic action of the complement system, pathogenic (virulent) strains have evolved virulence strategies that allow efficient colonization of a variety of hosts and target organs, including mechanisms to circumvent hosts' innate and acquired immune responses. Pathogenic <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> avoid complement\u2010mediated killing by recruiting host complement regulatory proteins and by targeting complement proteins using own and host\u2010expressed proteases. This review outlines the role of complement in eradicating saprophytic <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> and the stratagems adopted by pathogenic <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> to maneuver the host complement system for their benefit.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/1873-3468.13768","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,10]],"date-time":"2020-03-10T07:01:16Z","timestamp":1583823676000},"page":"2633-2644","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Strategies used by <i>Leptospira<\/i> spirochetes to evade the host complement system"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"594","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6458-9489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela Silva","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bacteriology Instituto Butantan S\u00e3o Paulo 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