{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T13:47:57Z","timestamp":1790776077218,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,11]],"date-time":"2020-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597104000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006306","name":"Sigrid Jus\u00e9liuksen S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006306","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["FEBS Letters"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Borreliosis (Lyme disease) is a spirochetal disease caused by the species complex of\n                    <jats:italic>Borrelia\u00a0burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                    transmitted by\n                    <jats:italic>Ixodes<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. ticks. Recorded to be the most common tick\u2010borne disease in the world, the last two decades have seen an increase in disease incidence and distribution, exceeding 360\u00a0000 cases in Europe alone. If untreated, infection may cause skin symptoms, arthritis, and neurological or cardiac complications. Borrelia spirochetes have developed strategies to evade the mammalian host immune system. These include the complement system, which is an important first\u2010line defense mechanism against invading microbes. To evade the complement, spirochetes bind soluble complement regulators factor H (FH), factor H\u2010like protein, and C4bp to their outer surfaces.\n                    <jats:italic>B.\u00a0burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                    spirochetes can inhibit the classical pathway of complement by the outer surface protein (Osp) BBK32, which blocks the activation of the C1 complex, composed of C1q, C1r, and C1s. The FH\u2010binding proteins of borreliae include Osps OspE, CspA, and CspZ. Following repeated infections, antibodies against these proteins develop and may provide functional immunity against borreliosis. This review discusses critical immune evasion strategies, focusing on complement evasion by borreliae.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/1873-3468.13894","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,4]],"date-time":"2020-08-04T06:53:11Z","timestamp":1596523991000},"page":"2645-2656","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Complement evasion strategies of\n                    <i>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/i>\n                    sensu lato"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"594","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8544-9987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vinaya","family":"Dulipati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology and Immunology and Translational Immunology Research Program University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9142-501X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seppo","family":"Meri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology and Immunology and Translational Immunology Research Program University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"HUSLAB Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaana","family":"Panelius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergology University of Helsinki Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"74","article-title":"An estimate of Lyme borreliosis incidence in Western Europe","volume":"39","author":"Sykes RA","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000213069"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2714"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2007.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1207.060077"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14798-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60103-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182003004694"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000213068"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007644"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2007.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2007.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(03)00097-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20031960"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0030033"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.6.3618-3627.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2011.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00144004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0934-8840(99)80025-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1567-5769(00)00039-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10588"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.170.3.637"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.6.3214"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1219260110"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12477"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-02-071472"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M002903200"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.5.3426"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0162-3109(99)00015-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.50.4.381-400.1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-68572-4","volume-title":"Bergey\u2019s Manual of Systemic Bacteriology","author":"Krieg NR","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.15.7973"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.7.3468-3478.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.12.121"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2010.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01530-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01913-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.180.2.231-235.1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01228-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.57.5.1626-1628.1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fux047"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/506936"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-99-1-76"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-1549"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cutaneous Lyme borreliosis: guideline of the German dermatology society","volume":"15","author":"Hofmann H","year":"2017","journal-title":"GMS Ger Med Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","first-page":"515","article-title":"Solitary borrelial lymphocytoma in adult patients","volume":"114","author":"Maraspin V","year":"2002","journal-title":"Wien Klin Wochenschr"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199511163332004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0738-081X(93)90092-Q"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2009.09100.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.1998.00130.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2011.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(01)02298-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.65.4.1228-1236.1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2012.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.6.3685-3691.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004300050038"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M007994200"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1567-5769(00)00041-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.7.3847"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200323571"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.63.11.4535-4539.1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI2325"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2012.10.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200526354"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2007.10.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2010.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.459040"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003308"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M308343200"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.4.2351-2359.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_73_1","first-page":"26","article-title":"Complement regulator\u2010acquiring surface protein 1 imparts resistance to human serum in Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"4","author":"Brooks CS","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb902"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2006.05318.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00604-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00956-19"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.11.058"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.18500"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2009.11.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00007-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005404"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80341-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.12045"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007659"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0306845101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.7.2572-2583.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.12.7869-7877.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12786"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.13239"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0184357"}],"container-title":["FEBS Letters"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2F1873-3468.13894","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/1873-3468.13894","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/1873-3468.13894","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/1873-3468.13894","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]],"date-time":"2023-09-05T18:11:31Z","timestamp":1693937491000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/1873-3468.13894"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"references-count":91,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/1873-3468.13894"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/1873-3468.13894","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-5793","1873-3468"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-5793","type":"print"},{"value":"1873-3468","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-03-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-07-22","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-08-11","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}