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Although chronic periodontitis has been identified as a pneumonia risk factor, how periodontopathic bacteria cause pneumonia is not known. We found that <jats:italic>S.\u00a0pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> adhered to PAFR expressed on A549 human alveolar epithelial cells stimulated by <jats:italic>Porphyromonas\u00a0gingivalis<\/jats:italic> culture supernatant, and this was abrogated by a PAFR\u2010specific inhibitor. Among the major virulence factors of <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>.\u00a0<jats:italic>gingivalis<\/jats:italic> [lipopolysaccharide (LPS), fimbriae and gingipains (Rgps and Kgp)], PAFR expression and pneumococcal adhesion were executed in an Rgp\u2010dependent manner. LPS and fimbriae did not induce PAFR expression. Hence, our findings suggest that <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>.\u00a0<jats:italic>gingivalis<\/jats:italic> enhances pneumococcal adhesion to human alveoli by inducing PAFR expression and that gingipains are responsible for this.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/1873-3468.14084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T03:18:56Z","timestamp":1617247136000},"page":"1604-1612","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["<i>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/i> enhances pneumococcal adhesion to human alveolar epithelial cells by increasing expression of host platelet\u2010activating factor receptor"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"595","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5639-3902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noriaki","family":"Kamio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Nihon University School of Dentistry Tokyo 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