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Here, we report that PV capsid proteins (VP1 and VP3) can penetrate cells, with VP3 being more invasive. Two independent parts of VP3 are responsible for this function. Both peptides can penetrate human umbilical cord vascular endothelial cells, and one peptide of VP3 could also penetrate peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In an\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    blood\u2013brain barrier model using rat\u2010derived astrocytes, pericytes, and endothelial cells, both peptides were observed to traverse from the blood side to the brain side at 6\u2009h after administration. These results provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying PV invasion into the CNS.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/1873-3468.14974","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T21:44:00Z","timestamp":1719956640000},"page":"1909-1918","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Poliovirus capsid protein\n                    <scp>VP3<\/scp>\n                    can penetrate vascular endothelial cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"598","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1329-6512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taketoshi","family":"Mizutani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences The University of Tokyo  Chiba 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