{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T18:37:05Z","timestamp":1793126225817,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]],"date-time":"2024-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726099200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5\/3\/8\/23\/2020\u2010ITR"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5\/3\/8\/23\/2020\u2010ITR"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["FEBS Letters"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Drug repurposing has emerged as an effective strategy against infectious diseases such as visceral leishmaniasis. Here, we evaluated four FDA\u2010approved drugs\u2013valrubicin, ciclesonide, deflazacort, and telithromycin\u2014for their anti\u2010leishmanial activity on\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania donovani<\/jats:italic>\n                    parasites, especially their ability to target the enzyme glutathione synthetase (\n                    <jats:italic>Ld<\/jats:italic>\n                    GS), which enables parasite survival under oxidative stress in host macrophages. Valrubicin and ciclesonide exhibited superior inhibitory effects compared to deflazacort and telithromycin, inhibiting the promastigotes at very low concentrations, with IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    values of 1.09\u2009\u00b1\u20090.09\u2009\u03bc\n                    <jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>\n                    and 2.09\u2009\u00b1\u20090.09\u2009\u03bc\n                    <jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>\n                    , respectively. Subsequent testing on amastigotes revealed the IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    values of 1.74\u2009\u00b1\u20090.05\u2009\u03bc\n                    <jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>\n                    and 3.32\u2009\u00b1\u20090.21\u2009\u03bc\n                    <jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>\n                    for valrubicin and ciclesonide, respectively. Molecular and cellular level analysis further elucidated the mechanisms underlying the anti\u2010leishmanial activity of valrubicin and ciclesonide.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/1873-3468.15016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]],"date-time":"2024-09-12T22:45:33Z","timestamp":1726181133000},"page":"367-380","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Identification of novel anti\u2010leishmanials targeting glutathione synthetase of the parasite: a drug repurposing approach"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"599","author":[{"given":"Manash","family":"Sarma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biochemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology (BHU)  Varanasi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kushal","family":"Bora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biochemical Engineering Indian Institute 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