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Here, we investigate axonal beading induced by the photo\u2010oxidation of a membrane\u2010based fluorescent dye. Our experiments show that, apart from using oxygen scavengers, chelation of free calcium, or stabilization of microtubules or actin filaments by pharmacological agents can mitigate oxidative\u2010stress\u2010induced beading. Furthermore, we take advantage of this light\u2010induced oxidative stress to explore axonal responses to spatially confined perturbations. We demonstrate that low excitation causes localized, long\u2010lasting axon beading, whereas high excitation leads to widespread degeneration and beading. Besides the results presented here, this light\u2010based technique is a convenient tool for investigating local oxidative stress in tissues, such as brain slices or organoids.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/1873-3468.70074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T00:55:04Z","timestamp":1749516904000},"page":"2491-2503","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Investigation of oxidative\u2010stress\u2010induced axon beading using photo\u2010oxidation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"599","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6677-985X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deepak","family":"Mehta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Raman Research Institute  Bengaluru India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pooja","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Raman Research Institute  Bengaluru India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pramod","family":"Pullarkat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Raman Research Institute  Bengaluru India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0054722"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Oxidative stress inhibits axonal transport: implications for neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"7","author":"Fang C","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegenr"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2006.03907.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22094642"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","article-title":"Oxygen and ros in photosynthesis","volume":"9","author":"Khorobrykh S","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plan Theory"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.arplant.55.031903.141701"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.03.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12208"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18122600"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10715761003667554"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138161212802083716"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/8590578"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12030651"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2024.0839"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12020517"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-14-05982.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0969-9961(03)00038-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2019.07.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2021.610857"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bss0610047"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms14011608"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HavermansJBandDufourJ(1997)Photo oxidation of paper documents. 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