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Here, we show that glutamate respiration of isolated rat brainstem mitochondria appears to be insensitive to extra\u2010mitochondrial Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    . This raises the question: Do these mitochondria lack a pyruvate generator, or is its detection masked? By reconstituting the complete malate\u2013aspartate shuttle (MAS), we demonstrate that brainstem mitochondria possess a pyruvate generator, just like mitochondria from other brain regions. Direct measurement, however, is hindered by the high rate of Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010insensitive glutamate utilization by glial mitochondria. We therefore conclude that the pyruvate generator is a universal mechanism in all tissues that contain a functional MAS and pyruvate\u2010generating enzymes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/1873-3468.70370","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T10:30:36Z","timestamp":1779532236000},"page":"1770-1781","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The pyruvate generator is a common phenomenon in mitochondria from different rat and mouse brain regions"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"600","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6661-9821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grazyna","family":"Debska\u2010Vielhaber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Otto\u2010von\u2010Guericke University  Magdeburg 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