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It binds the viral RNA to form a helical nucleocapsid and enables genome packaging and its release into host cells. Human heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNPA1), one of the most abundant RNA\u2010binding proteins in eukaryotes, regulates key aspects of RNA metabolism, including splicing, transcription, localisation, and transport. Here, we report a direct physical interaction between the SARS\u2010CoV\u20102\u2009N protein and hnRNPA1, primarily mediated through their intrinsically disordered regions. Furthermore, we found that these proteins co\u2010phase separate\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    and colocalise within stress granules in cells.\n                    <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    studies reveal that hnRNPA1 suppresses viral replication, suggesting that the N protein\u2013hnRNPA1 interaction plays an important role in modulating the viral life cycle.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/1873-3468.70375","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T05:16:12Z","timestamp":1780031772000},"page":"2929-2946","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Interaction and co\u2010phase separation of\n                    <scp>SARS<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\n                    <scp>CoV<\/scp>\n                    \u20102 nucleocapsid protein and human\n                    <scp>hnRNPA1<\/scp>\n                    and its implications for viral life cycle"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"600","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0833-2985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Parul","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biophysics Unit Indian Institute of Science  Bengaluru India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Risabh","family":"Sahu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology Indian Institute of Science  Bengaluru India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iman","family":"Nandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology Indian Institute of Science  Bengaluru India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4035-2900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Subba Rao 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