{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T07:38:14Z","timestamp":1792827494741,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":179,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792800000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792800000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008316","name":"Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg Stiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ISF\u2010011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ISF\u2010011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008316","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["FEBS Letters"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The increasing prevalence of viral diseases represents a major threat to global human health, highlighting the urgent need for advanced tools to study viral infections, improve diagnostics, and develop effective antiviral therapies. Antibodies are central to the immune response against viruses and are widely used in research and diagnostics; however, their structural complexity and manufacturing process limit their areas of applications. Single\u2010domain antibodies\u2014better known as nanobodies\u2014derived from heavy chain\u2010only antibodies found in camelids have emerged as a promising alternative. Their unique characteristics\u2014including small size, high stability, the capacity to access cryptic epitopes, and functionality within intracellular environments\u2014make them particularly valuable for viral research. This review highlights recent developments of nanobodies for viral research, diagnostics, and therapeutic applications; discusses their key advantages and limitations; and briefly outlines the emerging role of artificial intelligence\u2010based technologies in facilitating their development to address the expanding burden of viral diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/1873-3468.70487","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T07:13:38Z","timestamp":1792826018000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Going viral \u2212 Virus\u2010targeting nanobodies for research, diagnostics and therapy"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1712-9543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domenic","family":"Ebert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Eberhard Karls University T\u00fcbingen  Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5923-8986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulrich","family":"Rothbauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Eberhard Karls University T\u00fcbingen  Germany"},{"name":"Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) \u201cImage\u2010Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies\u201d University of T\u00fcbingen  Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01917-x","article-title":"Emerging and reemerging infectious diseases: global trends and new strategies for their prevention and control","volume":"9","author":"Wang S","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","first-page":"507","article-title":"Update on 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