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Copy number (CN) and mRNA expression of AR were tested with droplet digital PCR in 91 fresh\u2010frozen GBM samples and 170 formalin\u2010fixed, paraffin\u2010embedded samples collected at Link\u00f6ping University Hospital. The fresh\u2010frozen cohort was also subjected to pyrosequencing methylation analysis of 17 CpG sites in the <jats:italic>AR<\/jats:italic> promoter. Additionally, the gene expression of AR was analysed in the fresh\u2010frozen cohort and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort of isocitrate dehydrogenase wild\u2010type primary GBM (135 females and 219 males). The association of AR expression and overall survival (OS) was tested with Kaplan\u2013Meier log rank analysis after dichotomisation by maximally selected rank statistics. We found that AR CN alterations were more common in female GBM. AR gene expression correlated with methylation levels of different CpG sites in males and females but there was no difference in expression between sexes. Survival analysis of TCGA cohort revealed the opposite effect of AR overexpression on OS of males and females, with high AR expression correlating with shorter OS in females and longer OS in males. Additional gene set enrichment analysis showed that AR expression correlated with DNA repair response, especially in the male group. In summary, we found that high <jats:italic>AR<\/jats:italic> gene expression in GBM exhibits sex\u2010dependent effects on patient survival, which, for males, is linked to DNA repair response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/1878-0261.13262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,5]],"date-time":"2022-06-05T12:54:45Z","timestamp":1654433685000},"page":"3436-3451","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The sex\u2010dependent role of the androgen receptor in glioblastoma: results of molecular analyses"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0244-759X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"\u0141ysiak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Link\u00f6ping University  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