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The aims of this study were to identify immune subtypes of adult diffuse gliomas with RNA sequencing data, and to noninvasively predict this subtype using a biologically interpretable radiomic signature from MRI. A subtype discovery dataset (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0210) from a public database and two radiogenomic datasets (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0130 and 55, respectively) from two local hospitals were included. Brain tumor microenvironment\u2010specific signatures were constructed from RNA sequencing to identify the immune types. A radiomic signature was built from MRI to predict the identified immune subtypes. The pathways underlying the radiomic signature were identified to annotate their biological meanings. The reproducibility of the findings was verified externally in multicenter datasets. Three distinctive immune subtypes were identified, including an inflamed subtype marked by elevated hypoxia\u2010induced immunosuppression, a \u201ccold\u201d subtype that exhibited scarce immune infiltration with downregulated antigen presentation, and an intermediate subtype that showed medium immune infiltration. A 10\u2010feature radiomic signature was developed to predict immune subtypes, achieving an AUC of 0.924 in the validation dataset. The radiomic features correlated with biological functions underpinning immune suppression, which substantiated the hypothesis that molecular changes can be reflected by radiomic features. The immune subtypes, predictive radiomic signature, and radiomics\u2010correlated biological pathways were validated externally. Our data suggest that adult\u2010type diffuse gliomas harbor three distinctive immune subtypes that can be predicted by MRI radiomic features with clear biological significance. The immune subtypes, radiomic signature, and radiogenomic links can be replicated externally.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/1878-0261.13380","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]],"date-time":"2023-01-23T08:49:22Z","timestamp":1674463762000},"page":"629-646","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Imaging phenotypes from\n                    <scp>MRI<\/scp>\n                    for the prediction of glioma immune subtypes from\n                    <scp>RNA<\/scp>\n                    sequencing: A multicenter study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9453-2651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingxian","family":"Duan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences  Shenzhen 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