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Our previous research highlighted the clinical relevance of transcription factor JunB (JUNB), C\u2010X\u2010C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD\u2010L1) in breast and non\u2010small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. In the current study, we examined these biomarkers in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and plasma\u2010derived exosomes from 100 treatment\u2010na\u00efve SCLC patients. CTCs were analyzed using the VyCAP system, whereas exosomes were characterized molecularly and transcriptomically. JUNB, CXCR4, and PD\u2010L1 were highly prevalent in CTCs. Patients exhibited significantly increased protein exosomal expression of JUNB and CXCR4 compared to healthy individuals. Overexpression of JUNB and CXCR4 in exosomes can distinguish patients from normal donors, offering an interesting tool for early diagnosis. The presence of JUNB and\/or CXCR4 in CTCs correlated with significantly poorer overall survival. CXCR4 exosomal overexpression was associated with CTC presence and their phenotypes. 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