{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T06:04:25Z","timestamp":1791180265404,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":152,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101075240"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101075240"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Tobacco use, second\u2010hand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure and alcohol consumption are well\u2010established carcinogens and major public health concerns. In the European Union (EU), tobacco and alcohol use are the leading preventable causes of cancer and four other major noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), significantly contributing to NCD\u2010related morbidity and mortality. Despite declining prevalence, consumption of these substances is still high in the region, especially among the most deprived. There is strong evidence that quitting smoking, minimising exposure to SHS and eliminating or reducing alcohol intake substantially lowers the risk of cancer. Comprehensive public health strategies at both the individual and population level are crucial to prevent cancer and other NCDs. Scientific evidence leads to two recommendations for individual action on tobacco in the European Code Against Cancer, 5th edition: (1) \u2018Do not smoke. Do not use any form of tobacco, or vaping products. If you smoke, you should quit\u2019; and (2) \u2018Keep your home and car free of tobacco smoke\u2019; and one on alcohol: (3) \u2018Avoid alcoholic drinks\u2019.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/1878-0261.70177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T11:09:02Z","timestamp":1768561742000},"page":"6-27","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["European Code Against Cancer, 5th edition \u2013 tobacco and nicotine containing products, second\u2010hand smoke, alcohol and cancer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0033-9026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ariadna","family":"Feliu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch International Agency for Research on Cancer  Lyon France"},{"name":"Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health Imperial College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annie S.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Population Health &amp; Genomics, Ninewells Medical School University of Dundee  Dundee UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Bauld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Usher Institute and Behavioural Research UK University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esteve","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tobacco Control Unit, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tobacco Control Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)  L'Hospitalet de Llobregat Spain"},{"name":"Tobacco Control Research Group Institut d'Investigaci\u00f3 M\u00e8dica de Bellvitge \u2013 IDIBELL  L'Hospitalet de Llobregat Spain"},{"name":"School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Campus de Bellvitge University of Barcelona  L'Hospitalet del Llobregat Spain"},{"name":"Department of Health Generalitat de Catalunya  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0371-2789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Leitzmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine University of Regensburg  Regensburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sherry","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial College London  London United\u00a0Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1277-3380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernard","family":"Srour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Sorbonne Paris Nord and Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9 INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN)  Bobigny France"},{"name":"Nutrition and Cancer Research Network (NACRe Network)  Jouy\u2010en\u2010Josas France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Constantine","family":"Vardavas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of Athens  Athens Greece"},{"name":"Department of Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology Harvard School of Dental Medicine  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioana","family":"Vlad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Policy and Public Affairs World Cancer Research Fund International  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Vuik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Organisation for Economic Co\u2010operation and Development  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matty","family":"Weijenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, GROW Research Institute for Oncology and Reproduction Maastricht University  Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosa","family":"Alvarado\u2010Villacorta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Canelo\u2010Aybar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hajo","family":"Zeeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz\u2010Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology \u2013 BIPS  Bremen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9687-2134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joachim","family":"Sch\u00fcz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch International Agency for Research on Cancer  Lyon France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0744-665X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erica","family":"D'Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch International Agency for Research on Cancer  Lyon France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4816-113X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Ritchie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch International Agency for Research on Cancer  Lyon France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6848-4687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina","family":"Espina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch International Agency for Research on Cancer  Lyon France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioanna","family":"Bakogianni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Research Centre \u2013 European Commission  Ispra Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elio","family":"Riboli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research Unit Imperial College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2026.101592"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2015.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","unstructured":"International Agency for Research on Cancer.World Code Against Cancer framework [Internet].2022[cited 2025 Mar 5]. Available from:https:\/\/cancer\u2010code\u2010world.iarc.who.int\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.70068"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(20)30052-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckx059"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","first-page":"E1","article-title":"Personal habits and indoor combustions. Volume 100 E. A review of human carcinogens","volume":"100","author":"IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans","year":"2012","journal-title":"IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","unstructured":"European Commission.Special Eurobarometer 539 report attitudes of Europeans towards tobacco and related products [Internet].2024Brussels. [cited 2025 Jan 13]. Available from:https:\/\/europa.eu\/eurobarometer\/surveys\/detail\/2995"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18332\/tid\/149477"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","unstructured":"European Comission.Special Eurobarometer 506 report attitudes of Europeans towards tobacco and electronic cigarettes [Internet].2021Brussels. [cited 2025 Jan 13]. Available from:https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/commfrontoffice\/publicopinion\/index.cfm\/survey\/getsurveydetail\/instruments\/special\/surveyky\/2240"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13690-022-00998-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2021.100159"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2018.08.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20200248"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntab157"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckab035"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2011.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckv204"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2020.106412"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","article-title":"Exposure to car smoking among youth in seven countries of the European Union","volume":"204","author":"Mlinari\u0107 M","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Pub Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00950-2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-015-0072-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/arm91060038"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2019-055376"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.16567"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","first-page":"145","article-title":"Alcohol consumption trends in the EU member states and their association with selected socio\u2010economic indicators","volume":"19","author":"Megyesiov\u00e1 S","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adiktologie"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","unstructured":"Eurostat.Frequency of alcohol consumption by sex age and educational attainment level [Internet].2022European Union. [cited 2025 Jan 16]. Available from:https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/databrowser\/view\/hlth_ehis_al1e__custom_15046359\/default\/table?lang=en&page=time:2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","unstructured":"Eurostat.Frequency of heavy episodic drinking by sex age and educational attainment level.2022European Union. [cited 2025 Jan 16]. Available from:https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/databrowser\/view\/HLTH_EHIS_AL3E__custom_15046200\/default\/table?lang=en&page=time:2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","unstructured":"FerlayJ ErvikM LamF LaversanneM ColombetM MeryL et\u00a0al.Global cancer observatory: cancer today [Internet].2024Lyon France. [cited 2025 Jan 8]. Available from:https:\/\/gco.iarc.fr\/today\/en"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","unstructured":"FerlayJ LaversanneM ErvikM LamF ColombetM MeryL et\u00a0al.Cancer tomorrow [Internet]. Global cancer observatory.2024Lyon France. [cited 2025 Jan 8]. Available from:https:\/\/gco.iarc.who.int\/tomorrow"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01438-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2013-0085"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2020.07.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.31328"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21834"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(21)00102-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.08.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","unstructured":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME).GBD results.2024Seattle WA: IHME University of Washington. [cited 2025 Feb 5]. Available fromhttps:\/\/vizhub.healthdata.org\/gbd\u2010results\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2011-050294"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US) National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (US) Office on Smoking and Health (US).How tobacco smoke causes disease: the biology and behavioral basis for smoking\u2010attributable disease: a report of the surgeon general.2010Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US): Atlanta (GA). Available from:https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK53019\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","unstructured":"WHO.WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic 2023: Protect People from Tobacco Smoke [Internet].2023WHO: Geneva. [cited 2025 Feb 5]. Available from:https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240077164"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0077-2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-6-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000507017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2022.09.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(21)00279-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","unstructured":"WHO World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC).Alcohol and cancer in the European Union: A call to action [Internet].2023[cited 2025 Jan 9]. Available from:https:\/\/www.who.int\/europe\/publications\/m\/item\/alcohol\u2010and\u2010cancer\u2010in\u2010the\u2010european\u2010union\u2010a\u2010call\u2010to\u2010action"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckaa236"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","unstructured":"French National Cancer Institute.Cancer barometer 2021 summary: attitudes and behaviours among French people in relation to cancer [Internet].2021[cited 2025 Jan 20]. Available from:https:\/\/www.cancer.fr\/catalogue\u2010des\u2010publications\/barometre\u2010cancer\u2010summary"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2015.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","unstructured":"European Parliament Council of the European Union.Tobacco products directive [Internet].2014OJEU: Brussels. [cited 2025 Feb 20]. Available from:https:\/\/eur\u2010lex.europa.eu\/eli\/dir\/2014\/40\/oj\/eng"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Heated tobacco products: information sheet 2nd edition [Internet].2020WHO: Geneva. [cited 2025 Jun 16]. Available from:https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/WHO\u2010HEP\u2010HPR\u20102020.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01808-2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5603\/NJO.a2023.0022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare13162042"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13181-020-00772-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","unstructured":"Royal College of Physicians.E\u2010cigarettes and harm reduction: An evidence review [Internet].2024[cited 2025 May 13]. Available from:https:\/\/www.rcp.ac.uk\/media\/n5skyz1t\/e\u2010cigarettes\u2010and\u2010harm\u2010reduction_full\u2010report_updated_0.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2023.102413"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","unstructured":"FernandezF PintoACPN AybarCC Alonso\u2010CoelloP VillacortaREA.Electronic cigarettes as a gateway to combustible cigarette use among young people: systematic review [Internet].2025OSF. Available from:osf.io\/gr3y8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0201881"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(97)70232-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14622200412331320743"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2024.06.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","unstructured":"United States Public Health Service Office of the Surgeon General National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (US) Office on Smoking and Health.Smoking cessation: a report of the surgeon general [Internet].2020Washington (DC) US Department of Health and Human Services."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.92.6.990"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000007187"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2024.4890"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-059068"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckaa082"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2013-051484"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-024-02570-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_73_1","volume-title":"Guidelines for Treating Tobacco Dependence","author":"European Network for Smoking and Tobacco Prevention (ENSP)","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.0395"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_75_1","article-title":"Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation","volume":"1","author":"Lindson N","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa0707519"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00596-2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.2004.008763"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntq051"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17176263"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdp008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/027298902237708"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14091"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-756"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2020-056177"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-67003-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18332\/tid\/99542"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15091981"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-024-02732-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.961970"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2015-052693"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(21)00128-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.03.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.29340"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18332\/tpc\/193977"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18332\/tpc\/193147"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2021-056556"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.101982"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_99_1","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of different smoking bans in homes and cars among smokers in six countries of the EUREST\u2010PLUS ITC Europe surveys","volume":"16","author":"Fu M","year":"2019","journal-title":"Tob Induc Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-2041-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2017.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2011-050131"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-014207"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_104_1","unstructured":"World Cancer Research Fund\/American Institute for Cancer Research.Diet Nutrition Physical Activity and Cancer: A Global Perspective A summary of the Third Expert Report [Internet].2018[cited 2025 Feb 6]. Available from:http:\/\/gco.iarc.fr\/today"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4178\/epih.e2023092"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CEJ.0b013e3282f75e91"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2016.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-022-00992-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.3849"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCGEN.119.002814"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(22)00317-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_112_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"IARC Handbook of Cancer Prevention","author":"IARC","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.28544"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15567"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.35946\/arcr.v38.1.05"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60393-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.574111"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.1037750"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60615-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02743-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(17)30144-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_122_1","unstructured":"Nuffield Council on Bioethics.Public health: ethical issues a guide to the report [Internet].2007Nuffield Council on Bioethics: London. [cited 2025 Feb 14]. Available from:https:\/\/cdn.nuffieldbioethics.org\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/Public\u2010health\u2010ethical\u2010issues.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_123_1","unstructured":"European Parliament and the Council.Europe's beating cancer plan [Internet].2021Brussels. [cited 2025 Feb 18]. Available from:https:\/\/health.ec.europa.eu\/system\/files\/2022\u201002\/eu_cancer\u2010plan_en_0.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_124_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Tackling NCDs: best buys and other recommended interventions for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases 2nd ed [Internet].2024WHO: Geneva. [cited 2025 Jun 3]. Available from:https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240091078"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-02806-0"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_126_1","first-page":"101","article-title":"Impact of tobacco control policies on smoking prevalence and quit ratios in 27 European Union countries from 2006 to 2014","volume":"28","author":"Feliu A","year":"2019","journal-title":"Tob Control"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1878-0261.12918"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_128_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control [Internet].2003WHO: Geneva. [cited 2017 May 7]. Available from:http:\/\/www.who.int\/tobacco\/framework\/WHO_FCTC_english.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_129_1","volume-title":"MPOWER","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_130_1","unstructured":"JoossensL OlefirL FeliuA FernandezE.The tobacco control scale 2021 in Europe [Internet].2022Brussels. [cited 2025 Feb 20]. Available from:http:\/\/www.tobaccocontrolscale.org\/TCS2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_131_1","unstructured":"European Parliament Council of the European Union.Tobacco tax directive [Internet].2011OJEU: Brussels. [cited 2025 Feb 20]. Available from:https:\/\/eur\u2010lex.europa.eu\/eli\/dir\/2011\/64\/oj\/eng"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_132_1","unstructured":"European Parliament Council of the European Union.Tobacco advertising directive [Internet].2003OJEU: Brussels. [cited 2025 Feb 20]. Available from:https:\/\/eur\u2010lex.europa.eu\/legal\u2010content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:32003L0033"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_133_1","unstructured":"European Parliament Council of the European Union.Audiovisual media services directive [Internet].2010OJEU: Brussels. [cited 2025 Feb 20]. Available from:https:\/\/eur\u2010lex.europa.eu\/legal\u2010content\/EN\/ALL\/?uri=CELEX:32010L0013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2011-050417"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-010391"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_136_1","unstructured":"European Commission.Council recommendation on smoke\u2010and aerosol\u2010free environments [Internet].2024Brussels. [cited 2025 Feb 20]. Available from:https:\/\/health.ec.europa.eu\/publications\/council\u2010recommendation\u2010smoke\u2010and\u2010aerosol\u2010free\u2010environments_en"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_137_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(24)00033-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_138_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Tobacco endgame goals and measures in Europe: current status and future directions","author":"Ollila H","year":"2024","journal-title":"Tob Control"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2021-056575"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_140_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Electronic cigarettes: call to action [Internet].2023Geneva. [cited 2025 Feb 20]. Available from:https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/m\/item\/electronic\u2010cigarettes\u2010\u2010\u2010call\u2010to\u2010action"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_141_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntz124"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_142_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph6010051"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_143_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"IARC Handbooks of Cancer Prevention","author":"IARC","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_144_1","unstructured":"European Commission.Knowledge for policy. Health promotion and disease prevention knowledge gateway. Implemented policies addressing harm from alcohol consumption [Internet].2024[cited 2025 Feb 18]. Available from:https:\/\/knowledge4policy.ec.europa.eu\/health\u2010promotion\u2010knowledge\u2010gateway\/implemented\u2010policies\u2010addressing\u2010harm\u2010alcohol\u2010consumption_en"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_145_1","unstructured":"International Alliance for responsible drinking (IARD).Minimum legal age limits [Internet].2022IARD. [cited 2025 Feb 18]. Available from:https:\/\/iard.org\/science\u2010resources\/detail\/Minimum\u2010Legal\u2010Age\u2010Limits"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_146_1","unstructured":"Council of the European Union.Council directive (EU) 2020\/1151 of 29 July 2020 amending directive 92\/83\/EEC on the harmonisation of the structures of excise duties on alcohol and alcoholic beverages [Internet].2020OJEU: Brussels. [cited 2025 Feb 18]. Available from:https:\/\/eur\u2010lex.europa.eu\/legal\u2010content\/EN\/TXT\/HTML\/?uri=CELEX:32020L1151&from=EN"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_147_1","unstructured":"Council of the European Union.Council directive (EU) 2020\/262 of 19 December 2019 laying down the general arrangements for excise duty (recast) [Internet].2019OJEU: Brussels. [cited 2025 Jun 3]. Available from:https:\/\/eur\u2010lex.europa.eu\/legal\u2010content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:32020L0262"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_148_1","unstructured":"European Parliament Council of the European Union.Regulation (EU) No 1169\/2011 of the European Parliament and of the council of 25 October 2011 on the provision of food information to consumers [Internet].2011OJEU: Brussels. [cited 2025 Feb 18]. Available from:https:\/\/eur\u2010lex.europa.eu\/legal\u2010content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX%3A02011R1169\u201020180101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_149_1","unstructured":"European Parliament Council of the European Union.Regulation (EU) 2021\/2117 of the European Parliament and of the council of 2 December 2021 [Internet].2021OJEU: Brussels. [cited 2025 Feb 18]. Available from:https:\/\/eur\u2010lex.europa.eu\/legal\u2010content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX%3A32021R2117&qid=1739884817999"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_150_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Global alcohol action plan 2022\u20132030 [Internet].2024Geneva. [cited 2025 Feb 18]. Available from:https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240090101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_151_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.The SAFER technical package: five areas of intervention at national and subnational levels [Internet].2019Geneva. [cited 2025 Feb 18]. Available from:https:\/\/iris.who.int\/handle\/10665\/330053"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_152_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol.2019Geneva. [cited 2025 Feb 18]. Available from:https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/mental\u2010health\u2010and\u2010substance\u2010use\/alcohol\u2010drugs\u2010and\u2010addictive\u2010behaviours\/alcohol\/governance\/global\u2010alcohol\u2010strategy"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_153_1","unstructured":"Council of the European Union.Council recommendation of 5 June 2001 on the drinking of alcohol by young people in particular children and adolescents [Internet].2001OJEU: Brussels. [cited 2025 Jun 3]. Available from:https:\/\/eur\u2010lex.europa.eu\/legal\u2010content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX%3A32001H0458"}],"container-title":["Molecular Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/1878-0261.70177","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/1878-0261.70177","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/1878-0261.70177","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T06:03:56Z","timestamp":1782540236000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/1878-0261.70177"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":152,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/1878-0261.70177"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/1878-0261.70177","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1574-7891","1878-0261"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1574-7891","type":"print"},{"value":"1878-0261","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-24","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}