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To address this, we developed and validated a humanized patient\u2010derived xenograft mouse model of HGSOC. Human hematopoietic stem cells and patient\u2010derived HGSOC cells were engrafted into immunodeficient mice. The mice were administered durvalumab (anti\u2010PD\u2010L1) and\/or oleclumab (anti\u2010CD73) immunotherapy intraperitoneally twice a week for 5\u2009weeks. The treatment showed good tolerability with no observed side effects, though it failed to elicit a measurable antitumor response. Leukocytes in primary tumors were analyzed immunohistochemically, and circulating T\u00a0cells were characterized using spectral flow cytometry. All tumors exhibited an immune\u2010excluded immunophenotype. No significant inter\u2010group differences in disease burden, intratumoral leukocyte density, or circulating T\u00a0cells were observed. In the durvalumab\u2010only group, tumor burden significantly positively correlated with intratumoral cytotoxic and regulatory T\u2010cell densities. This model reflects the immunotherapy resistance of human disease in line with clinical findings, providing a robust platform for studying tumor\u2013immune interactions and immunosuppressive mechanisms in HGSOC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:boxed-text content-type=\"box\" position=\"anchor\">\n                      <jats:caption>\n                        <jats:title>Impact statement<\/jats:title>\n                      <\/jats:caption>\n                      <jats:p>Our results address the critical need for representative preclinical models for testing combination immunotherapy in HGSOC by providing a robust preclinical platform that can enhance the reliability of preclinical data and contribute to the improvement of the design and outcomes of future clinical trials.<\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:boxed-text>\n                  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