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In this work, we examine whether these metal layers are sensitive indicators of decadal long\u2010term changes within the upper atmosphere. Output from a whole\u2010atmosphere climate model is used to assess the response of the Na, K, and Fe layers across a 50\u2009year period (1955\u20132005). At short timescales, the K layer has previously been shown to exhibit a very different seasonal behavior compared to the other metals. Here we show that this unusual behavior is also exhibited at longer timescales (both the ~11\u2009year solar cycle and 50\u2009year periods), where K displays a much more pronounced response to atmospheric temperature changes than either Na or Fe. The contrasting solar cycle behavior of the K and Na layers predicted by the model is confirmed using satellite and lidar observations for the period 2004\u20132013.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/2016ja022522","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,11]],"date-time":"2016-07-11T08:48:01Z","timestamp":1468226881000},"page":"7153-7165","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Solar cycle response and long\u2010term trends in the mesospheric metal layers"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"E. C. M.","family":"Dawkins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry University of Leeds  Leeds UK"},{"name":"National Center for Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment University of Leeds  Leeds UK"},{"name":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center  Greenbelt Maryland USA"},{"name":"Department of Physics Catholic University of America  Washington District of Columbia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3648-6893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. M. C.","family":"Plane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry University of Leeds  Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. P.","family":"Chipperfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment University of Leeds  Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry University of Leeds  Leeds UK"},{"name":"National Center for Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment University of Leeds  Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. 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