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Here we use in situ winter (December\u2013March) temperature observations, such as those from Soviet North Pole drifting stations and ocean buoys, to determine how common Arctic winter warming events are. Observations of winter warming events exist over most of the Arctic Basin. Temperatures exceeding \u22125\u00b0C were observed during &gt;30% of winters from 1954 to 2010 by North Pole drifting stations or ocean buoys. Using the ERA\u2010Interim record (1979\u20132016), we show that the North Pole (NP) region typically experiences 10 warming events (T2m\u00a0&gt;\u00a0\u221210\u00b0C) per winter, compared with only five in the Pacific Central Arctic (PCA). There is a positive trend in the overall duration of winter warming events for both the NP region (4.25\u00a0days\/decade) and PCA (1.16\u00a0days\/decade), due to an increased number of events of longer duration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/2017gl073395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,10]],"date-time":"2017-07-10T18:02:49Z","timestamp":1499709769000},"page":"6974-6983","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":180,"title":["Increasing frequency and duration of Arctic winter warming events"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0008-1886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert M.","family":"Graham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Polar Institute  Troms\u00f8 Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2111-1378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lana","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Polar Institute  Troms\u00f8 Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0307-3216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alek A.","family":"Petty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cryospheric Sciences Laboratory, Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center University of Maryland  College Park Maryland USA"},{"name":"Goddard Space Flight Center National Aeronautics and Space Administration  Greenbelt Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4778-4765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linette N.","family":"Boisvert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cryospheric Sciences Laboratory, Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center University of Maryland  College Park Maryland USA"},{"name":"Goddard Space Flight Center National Aeronautics and Space Administration  Greenbelt Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6685-9219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annette","family":"Rinke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research  Potsdam Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6498-9167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen R.","family":"Hudson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Polar Institute  Troms\u00f8 Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0903-1746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcel","family":"Nicolaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research  Bremerhaven Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5035-4347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mats A.","family":"Granskog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Polar Institute  Troms\u00f8 Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7265\/N5MS3QNJ"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3137\/OC317.2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/2010JCLI3297.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2015GL063775"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/MWR\u2010D\u201016\u20100234.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2016JD026034"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","unstructured":"Cullather R. 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