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Although <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> has been isolated from marine water and intertidal beach sand, only a few studies have been conducted to assess prevalence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> at freshwater recreational beaches. As such, we aimed to determine prevalence and molecular characteristics of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> in water and sand at 10 freshwater recreational beaches in Northeast Ohio, USA. Samples were analyzed using standard microbiology methods, and resulting isolates were typed by <jats:italic>spa<\/jats:italic> typing and multilocus sequence typing. The overall prevalence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> in sand and water samples was 22.8% (64\/280). The prevalence of methicillin\u2010resistant <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> (MRSA) was 8.2% (23\/280). The highest prevalence was observed in summer (45.8%; 55\/120) compared to fall (4.2%; 5\/120) and spring (10.0%; 4\/40). The overall prevalence of Panton\u2010Valentine leukocidin genes among <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> isolates was 21.4% (15\/70), and 27 different <jats:italic>spa<\/jats:italic> types were identified. The results of this study indicate that beach sand and freshwater of Northeast Ohio were contaminated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>, including MRSA. The high prevalence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> in summer months and presence of human\u2010associated strains may indicate the possibility of role of human activity in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> contamination of beach water and sand. While there are several possible routes for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> contamination, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> prevalence was higher in sites with wastewater treatment plants proximal to the beaches.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/2017gh000106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,21]],"date-time":"2017-11-21T14:52:46Z","timestamp":1511275966000},"page":"320-332","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Prevalence and Characterization of <scp><i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i><\/scp> and Methicillin\u2010Resistant <scp><i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i><\/scp> on Public Recreational Beaches in Northeast Ohio"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Dipendra","family":"Thapaliya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology, College of Public Health Kent State University  Kent OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily J.","family":"Hellwig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology, College of Public Health Kent State University  Kent OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jhalka","family":"Kadariya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology, College of Public Health Kent State University  Kent OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dylan","family":"Grenier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology, College of Public Health Kent State University  Kent OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne J.","family":"Jefferson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geology, College of Arts and Sciences Kent State University  Kent OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Dalman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology, College of Public Health Kent State University  Kent OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristen","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology, College of Public Health Kent State University  Kent OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mackenzi","family":"DiPerna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology, College of Public Health Kent State University  Kent OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrienne","family":"Orihill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology, College of Public Health Kent State University  Kent OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Taha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology, College of Public Health Kent State University  Kent OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3747-1116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tara C.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology, College of Public Health Kent State University  Kent OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02127-09"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3394\/0380-1330(2006)32[401:PAPGOT]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocemod.2013.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2009.04515.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-006-0153-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.03.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.1993.0361"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.1995.0547"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(2012).Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; 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