{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T03:03:00Z","timestamp":1791428580684,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,6]],"date-time":"2018-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010663","name":"H2020 European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["291332"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["291332"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000271","name":"Science and Technology Facilities Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ST\/P00041X\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ST\/P00041X\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000271","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JGR Planets"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Recent measurements by the Imaging Ultraviolet Spectrograph (IUVS) instrument on NASA's Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN mission show that a persistent layer of Mg\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ions occurs around 90\u00a0km in the Martian atmosphere but that neutral Mg atoms are not detectable. These observations can be satisfactorily modeled with a global meteoric ablation rate of 0.06\u00a0t\u00a0sol\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , out of a cosmic dust input of 2.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.6\u00a0t\u00a0sol\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    . The absence of detectable Mg at 90\u00a0km requires that at least 50% of the ablating Mg atoms ionize through hyperthermal collisions with CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    molecules. Dissociative recombination of MgO\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    .(CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    )\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    cluster ions with electrons to produce MgCO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    directly, rather than MgO, also avoids a buildup of Mg to detectable levels. The meteoric injection rate of Mg, Fe, and other metals\u2014constrained by the IUVS measurements\u2014enables the production rate of metal carbonate molecules (principally MgCO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    and FeCO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) to be determined. These molecules have very large electric dipole moments (11.6 and 9.2 Debye, respectively) and thus form clusters with up to six H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O molecules at temperatures below 150\u00a0K. These clusters should then coagulate efficiently, building up metal carbonate\u2010rich ice particles which can act as nucleating particles for the formation of CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010ice clouds. Observable mesospheric clouds are predicted to occur between 65 and 80\u00a0km at temperatures below 95\u00a0K and above 85\u00a0km at temperatures about 5\u00a0K colder.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/2017je005510","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,6]],"date-time":"2018-02-06T12:46:39Z","timestamp":1517921199000},"page":"695-707","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Meteoric Metal Chemistry in the Martian Atmosphere"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"123","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3648-6893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. M. C.","family":"Plane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry University of Leeds  Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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