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SPN patients generally have a favorable prognosis with a 5\u2010year survival rate exceeding 95% following complete surgical resection. Accurate diagnosis is crucial to avoid unnecessary treatments. Currently, SPN diagnosis relies on imaging techniques such as CT and MRI, along with immunohistochemical analysis of biopsy and resection samples. The main challenge in diagnosis is the potential inability to accurately identify recurrent or metastatic SPN, as well as \u2018malignant\u2019 SPN, due to the lack of specific biomarkers. Advances in high\u2010throughput omics technologies, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics, have opened new avenues for identifying novel biomarkers for SPN. Additional, liquid biopsy techniques have enabled more comprehensive analysis of biosamples such as pancreatic cyst fluid, offering promising prospects for preoperative diagnosis. This review highlights recent research on SPN diagnosis, focusing on immunohistochemical markers, tissue sampling methods and the potential of omics approaches. It also discusses the challenges and opportunities in improving diagnostic accuracy, particularly for high\u2010grade and metastatic SPNs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/2056-4538.70029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T08:17:25Z","timestamp":1746173845000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Emerging pathological diagnostic strategies for solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas: insights from omics and innovative techniques"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7562-588X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuanhao","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junya","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing PR China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yupei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing PR China"},{"name":"Department of General Surgery Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing PR China"},{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences School of Medicine, Tsinghua University  Beijing PR China"},{"name":"Peking University\u2010Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences  Beijing PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenze","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing PR China"},{"name":"Molecular Pathology Research Center, Department of Pathology Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"340","volume-title":"Digestive System Tumours. 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