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In this study, we aimed to validate alternative scoring methods at the invasive tumour front in a large cohort of stage I\u2013III CRC. The retrospective analysis was performed on haematoxylin and eosin\u2013stained sections from 538 patients. At the invasive tumour front, tumour characteristics were scored using three alternative methods: the Karamitopoulou method, which evaluates the percentage of infiltrative tumour; the Taskin method, a five\u2010point grading scale; and the tumour growth pattern (TGP) method, which classifies patterns as pushing, intermediate, or infiltrative. For interobserver assessment, the Karamitopoulou and TGP methods showed good agreement while the Taskin method presented fair agreement. High scores with the Karamitopoulou and Taskin methods correlated significantly with adverse prognostic factors, particularly advanced T stage (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), N stage (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and the presence of peritoneal involvement (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The survival rate of the TGP method demonstrated that patients with an infiltrative growth pattern had significantly worse CRC survival compared to those with pushing and intermediate growth patterns (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and the TGP method retained its independence as a prognostic factor in multivariable Cox regression analysis only for colon cancer\u2010specific survival (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The TGP scoring method is an independent prognostic factor only for colon cancer with simple and inexpensive assessment, underlining its practicality in routine reporting. Additionally, this method could be included as an additional histopathological risk indicator with the potential to guide therapeutic decision making.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/2056-4538.70031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]],"date-time":"2025-05-15T22:10:52Z","timestamp":1747347052000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Investigation of three alternative histopathological scoring methods at the invasive tumour front in colorectal cancer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Walaiphorn","family":"Woraharn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cancer Sciences University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashley","family":"McCulloch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cancer Sciences University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Bigley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cancer Sciences University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Phimmada","family":"Hatthakarnkul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cancer Sciences University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0186-1331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathryn","family":"Pennel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cancer Sciences University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Alexander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cancer Sciences University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"},{"name":"Academic Unit of Surgery University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hester","family":"van Wyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Unit of Surgery University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6158-1564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonia","family":"Roseweir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Hay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Glasgow Tissue Research Facility Queen Elizabeth University Hospital  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noori","family":"Maka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Queen Elizabeth Hospital  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Queen Elizabeth University Hospital  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nigel B","family":"Jamieson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cancer Sciences University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"},{"name":"Academic Unit of Surgery University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7192-6906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanne","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cancer Sciences University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Campbell SD","family":"Roxburgh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cancer Sciences University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"},{"name":"Academic Unit of Surgery University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/18735592MTEx9NTk2y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"UK CR.Bowel Cancer Incidence Statistics. 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