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The study of these features in three dimensions (3D) in cancerous tissue is important because glandular features have shown potential value for disease characterization and risk stratification beyond that obtained from individual 2D sections. Large collections of clinically annotated material preserved in paraffin remain an important research source. However, many 3D imaging methods require destructive or labor\u2010intensive preparation, limiting access to valuable material that needs to be re\u2010archived. In this proof\u2010of\u2010concept study, we developed an X\u2010ray micro\u2010computed tomography (micro\u2010CT) workflow for direct 3D imaging of archived paraffin\u2010embedded prostate specimens with near\u2010zero sample manipulation. Imaging and denoising parameters were optimized to balance image quality with acquisition time. Paraffin\u2010embedded prostate core punches (\n                    <jats:italic>n\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u20095) from five radical prostatectomy specimens were imaged by micro\u2010CT and subsequently processed for histology. Digitized histological sections were aligned with corresponding micro\u2010CT planes for qualitative comparison, while pre\u2010sectioning micro\u2010CT data provided an intact geometric reference for exploratory assessment of histology\u2010associated dimensional changes at the whole\u2010core and glandular\u2010lumen levels. The optimized workflow yielded micro\u2010CT images with discernible glandular morphology and qualitative structural correspondence with matched histological sections. Exploratory measurements suggested modest dimensional change at the whole\u2010core level and greater variability at the lumen level; none of the tested deformation metrics reached conventional statistical significance. Illustrative 3D segmentation presented the glandular epithelium and lumina as spatially continuous structures within a cancer\u2010containing region. These findings support the feasibility of X\u2010ray micro\u2010CT as a non\u2010destructive approach for 3D characterization of prostate glandular architecture directly from paraffin\u2010embedded tissue, providing volumetric context for structures identified on histology while preserving the specimen for subsequent histological assessment.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/2056-4538.70119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T07:16:03Z","timestamp":1791875763000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An X\u2010ray micro\u2010\n                    <scp>CT<\/scp>\n                    protocol enables non\u2010destructive\n                    <scp>3D<\/scp>\n                    visualization of glandular architecture in archived paraffin\u2010embedded prostate cancer tissue"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9479-3579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santiago","family":"Laguna\u2010Castro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational Biophysics and Imaging Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University  Tampere Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7261-2905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erna","family":"M\u00e4kinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Fimlab Laboratories  Tampere Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2029-6497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teemu","family":"Tolonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Fimlab Laboratories  Tampere Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0800-9723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antti","family":"Kaipia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Tampere University Hospital  Tampere Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1850-3055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jari","family":"Hyttinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational Biophysics and Imaging Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University  Tampere Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)59889-4","article-title":"Prediction of prognosis for prostatic adenocarcinoma by combined histological grading and clinical 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