{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T14:50:21Z","timestamp":1791557421449,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]],"date-time":"2021-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31400135"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31400135"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31970144"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31970144"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["FEBS Open Bio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Candida\u00a0albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a harmless commensal resident in the human gut and a prevalent opportunistic pathogen. A key part of its commensalism and pathogenesis is its ability to switch between different morphological forms, including white\u2010to\u2010opaque switching. The Wor1 protein was previously identified as a master regulator of white\u2010to\u2010opaque switching in mating type locus (\n                    <jats:italic>MTL<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) homozygous cells. The mechanisms by which the dark color of the opaque colonies is controlled and the pimpled surface of opaque cells is formed remain unknown.\n                    <jats:italic>Candida\u00a0albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    produces melanin pigment\n                    <jats:italic>in\u00a0vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    and during infection. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of melanin production is unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that ferroxidases (Fets) function as pigment multicopper oxidases and regulate the production of dark\u2010pigmented melanin in opaque cells. The\n                    <jats:italic>FET<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes presented distinct regulation patterns in response to different extracellular stimuli. In YPD (1% yeast extract, 2% peptone and 2% dextrose)\u2010rich medium, four of the five\n                    <jats:italic>FET<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes were up\u2010regulated by Wor1, especially at the human body temperature of 37\u00a0\u00b0C. In minimal medium with low ammonium concentrations, all five\n                    <jats:italic>FET<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes were up\u2010regulated by Wor1. However, at high ammonium concentrations, some\n                    <jats:italic>FET<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes were down\u2010regulated by Wor1. Wor1\u2010up\u2010regulated Fets contributed to dark pigment formation in opaque colonies, but not to the elongated shape of these opaque cells. Increased melanin externalization was associated with the pimpled surface of the opaque cells. Melanized\n                    <jats:italic>C.\u00a0albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    cells were more resistant to fungal clearance. Deletion of the five\n                    <jats:italic>FET<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes completely blocked melanin production in opaque cells and resulted in the generation of white elongated \u2018opaque\u2019 cells. In addition, the up\u2010regulated Fets are important for defense against oxidant attacks. The functional diversity of Fets may reflect the multiple strategies of\n                    <jats:italic>C.\u00a0albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    to rapidly adapt to diverse host niches.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/2211-5463.13070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]],"date-time":"2020-12-22T19:55:07Z","timestamp":1608666907000},"page":"598-621","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Wor1\u2010regulated ferroxidases contribute to pigment formation in opaque cells of\n                    <i>Candida\u00a0<\/i>\n                    <i>albicans<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Baodi","family":"Dai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinxing","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiangye","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 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