{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T20:20:18Z","timestamp":1792268418903,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]],"date-time":"2021-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["FEBS Open Bio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Buthus\u00a0occitanus (B. occitanus)<\/jats:italic> is one of the most dangerous scorpions in the world. Despite the involvement of <jats:italic>B.\u00a0occitanus<\/jats:italic> scorpion in severe cases of envenomation in Morocco, no study has focused yet on the proteomic composition of the Moroccan <jats:italic>B.\u00a0occitanus<\/jats:italic> scorpion venom. Mass spectrometry\u2010based proteomic techniques are commonly used in the study of scorpion venoms. The implementation of top\u2010down and bottom\u2010up approaches for proteomic analyses facilitates screening by allowing a global view of the structural aspects of such complex matrices. Here, we provide a partial overview of the venom of <jats:italic>B.\u00a0occitanus<\/jats:italic> scorpion, in order to explore the diversity of its toxins and hereafter understand their effects. To this end, a combination of top\u2010down and bottom\u2010up approaches was applied using nano\u2010high liquid chromatography coupled to nano\u2010electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (nano\u2010LC\u2010ESI MS\/MS). The LC\u2010MS results showed that <jats:italic>B.\u00a0occitanus<\/jats:italic> venom contains around 200 molecular masses ranging from 1868 to 16\u00a0720\u00a0Da, the most representative of which are those between 5000 and 8000\u00a0Da. Interestingly, combined top\u2010down and bottom\u2010up LC\u2010MS\/MS results allowed the identification of several toxins, which were mainly those acting on ion channels, including those targeting sodium (NaScTxs), potassium (KScTxs), chloride (ClScTxs), and calcium channels (CaScTx), as well as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), amphipathic peptides, myotropic neuropeptides, and hypothetical secreted proteins. This study reveals the molecular diversity of <jats:italic>B.\u00a0occitanus<\/jats:italic> scorpion venom and identifies components that may have useful pharmacological activities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/2211-5463.13143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,14]],"date-time":"2021-03-14T05:41:10Z","timestamp":1615700470000},"page":"1867-1892","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Mass spectrometry\u2010based top\u2010down and bottom\u2010up approaches for proteomic analysis of the Moroccan <i>Buthus occitanus<\/i> scorpion venom"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3079-1697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khadija","family":"Daoudi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Venoms and Toxins Pasteur Institute of Morocco Casablanca Morocco"},{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Physiopathology and Biotechnology Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock Hassan II University of Casablanca Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Malosse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mass spectrometry for Biology Unit Institut Pasteur CNRS USR 2000 Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayoub","family":"Lafnoune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Venoms and Toxins Pasteur Institute of Morocco Casablanca Morocco"},{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Physiopathology and Biotechnology Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock Hassan II University of Casablanca Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bouchra","family":"Darkaoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Venoms and Toxins Pasteur Institute of Morocco Casablanca Morocco"},{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Physiopathology and Biotechnology Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock Hassan II University of Casablanca Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salma","family":"Chakir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Venoms and Toxins Pasteur Institute of Morocco Casablanca Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean\u2010Marc","family":"Sabatier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory INSERM UMR 1097 University of Aix Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Chamot\u2010Rooke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mass spectrometry for Biology Unit Institut Pasteur CNRS USR 2000 Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachida","family":"Cadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Physiopathology and Biotechnology Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock Hassan II University of Casablanca Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoual","family":"Oukkache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Venoms and Toxins Pasteur Institute of Morocco Casablanca Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S24754"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins5122456"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-1327.1999.00625.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2005.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2012.03.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0040135"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","unstructured":"El OufirR(2019)Piq\u00fbres et Envenimations Scorpioniques (PES) Centre Anti Poison du Maroc (CAPM). 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