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Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs), a major cell type in the heart, are responsible for regulating normal myocardial function and maintaining extracellular matrix homeostasis in adverse myocardial remodeling. In this study, we found that C188\u20109, a small\u2010molecule inhibitor of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), exhibited an antifibrotic function, both <jats:italic>in\u00a0vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in\u00a0vivo<\/jats:italic>. C188\u20109 decreased transforming growth factor\u2010\u03b21\u2010induced CF activation and fibrotic gene expression. Moreover, C188\u20109 treatment alleviated heart injury and cardiac fibrosis in an isoproterenol\u2010induced mouse model by suppressing STAT3 phosphorylation and activation. These findings may help us better understand the role of C188\u20109 in cardiac fibrosis and facilitate the development of new treatments for cardiac fibrosis and other cardiovascular diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/2211-5463.13212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]],"date-time":"2021-05-31T09:04:38Z","timestamp":1622451878000},"page":"2033-2040","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["C188\u20109 reduces TGF\u2010\u03b21\u2010induced fibroblast activation and alleviates ISO\u2010induced cardiac fibrosis in mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9371-0778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiao","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province Zhengzhou 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