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However, the role of hypoxia\u2010inducible factor\u20101\u03b1 in morphogenesis during salivary gland development is unclear. We investigated the function of HIF\u20101\u03b1 in submandibular gland (SMG) organ cultures obtained from embryonic day 13.5 embryos from ICR female mice. Expression of HIF\u20101\u03b1, glucose transporter 1, and vascular endothelial growth factor was induced under hypoxia (5% O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>). We further showed that BAY 87\u20102243\u2010mediated inhibition of HIF\u20101\u03b1 suppressed salivary gland development. Under severe hypoxia (1% O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>), HIF\u20101\u03b1 did not promote salivary gland development; this was due to suppression of cell proliferation and inhibition of the cell cycle and not because of autophagy and apoptosis. Additionally, using the inhibitor U0126, we verified that the ERK1\/2 pathway is upstream of HIF\u20101\u03b1. 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