{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T08:24:57Z","timestamp":1784795097976,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]],"date-time":"2022-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["FEBS Open Bio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by the collapse of the soft palate in the upper airway, resulting in chronic intermittent hypoxia during sleep. Therefore, an understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying pathophysiological dysfunction of the soft palate in OSA is necessary for the development of new therapeutic strategies. In the present study, we observed that high mobility group protein box 1 (HMGB1) was released by a large infiltration of macrophages in the soft palate of OSA patients. The toll\u2010like receptor 4\/nuclear factor kappa B pathway was observed to be activated by the release of HMGB1, and this was accompanied by an increased expression of pro\u2010inflammatory factors, including tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 and interleukin\u20106. Importantly, increased expression of toll\u2010like receptor 4 was observed in endothelial cells, contributing to upregulation of the angiogenesis\u2010related factors vascular endothelial\u2010derived growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase 9. Moreover, we confirmed the effect of the HMGB1\u2010mediated toll\u2010like receptor 4\/nuclear factor kappa B pathway on cell proliferation and angiogenesis in an <jats:italic>in\u2009vitro<\/jats:italic> cell model of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. We conclude that HMGB1 may be a potential therapeutic target for preventing angiogenesis and pathology in OSA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/2211-5463.13533","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]],"date-time":"2022-12-07T20:55:48Z","timestamp":1670446548000},"page":"246-256","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Upregulation of <scp>HMGB1<\/scp> promotes vascular dysfunction in the soft palate of patients with obstructive sleep apnea via the <scp>TLR4<\/scp>\/<scp>NF\u2010\u03baB<\/scp>\/<scp>VEGF<\/scp> pathway"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Tiantian","family":"Su","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ENT Department Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENT Department Tongren Hospital, 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