{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T21:43:52Z","timestamp":1777671832707,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750118400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010665","name":"H2020 Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Actions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MSCA\u2010DN ID\u20102021\u2010101072828"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MSCA\u2010DN ID\u20102021\u2010101072828"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010665","name":"H2020 Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Actions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MSCA\u2010ITN\u20102019\u2010860329"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MSCA\u2010ITN\u20102019\u2010860329"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR\u201021\u2010CE18\u20100031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR\u201021\u2010CE18\u20100031"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["FEBS Open Bio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Intestinal disorders and vascular calcification (VC) are often associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). While gut barrier alterations have been reported in CKD (such as abnormal intestinal permeability, bacterial overgrowth, and inflammation), it is not clear if vascular calcification influences these alterations. To investigate whether the bidirectional relationships between VC and gut dysfunction could be mediated by increased inflammation and uremic toxin generation, we used the SNx\u2010VC model of uremic vascular calcification (rats undergoing subtotal 5\/6th nephrectomy and fed a procalcifying high\u2010phosphate and vitamin D diet). We confirmed the presence of CKD and VC by von Kossa staining and observed increased gut\u2010origin uremic toxin, indoxyl sulfate (IS), in SNx\u2010VC animals compared to controls. In SNx\u2010VC rats, we observed decreased mucus production (Alcian blue, Mucin 2 staining) in the colon and ileum which was correlated with the level of calcification. There was no change in inflammation markers or tight junction protein expression. We assessed intestinal levels in the NOD\u2010like receptor family pyrin domain containing 6 (NLRP6) protein, known to regulate mucus secretion, and found no change in the colon or ileum.\n                    <jats:italic>Nlrp6<\/jats:italic>\n                    mRNA was, however, decreased in the colon of SNx\u2010VC rats, along with other mRNA (\n                    <jats:italic>Ly96, Sod1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), while\n                    <jats:italic>Tlr2<\/jats:italic>\n                    was increased compared to controls. Our observations of low mucus, low\n                    <jats:italic>Nlrp6<\/jats:italic>\n                    mRNA, and high IS in SNx\u2010VC rats confirm a link between gut barrier alterations and uremic VC. This suggests that alterations in the mucus layer could favor the generation of gut\u2010origin uremic toxins and promote VC in CKD. Thus, improving the gut mucus barrier function in the context of uremic VC could be considered as a possible therapeutic strategy in CKD patients.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/2211-5463.70043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T10:53:15Z","timestamp":1750157595000},"page":"1219-1231","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Gut alterations in a chronic kidney disease rat model with diet\u2010induced vascular calcification"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Piotr","family":"Bartochowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"RD N\u00e9phrologie SAS  Montpellier France"},{"name":"BC2M University of Montpellier  France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Cortijo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RD N\u00e9phrologie SAS  Montpellier 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