{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T11:25:51Z","timestamp":1788175551145,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["FEBS Open Bio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Evidence implicates the Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene (\n                    <jats:italic>DMD<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) in tumorigenesis, but survival trends are inconsistent. To resolve this, we conducted a comprehensive global analysis of\n                    <jats:italic>DMD<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression and survival outcomes across 33 tumour types using bulk RNA sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. We examined the impact of total\n                    <jats:italic>DMD<\/jats:italic>\n                    , individual transcript and dystrophin\u2010associated protein complex (DAPC) gene expression levels on overall survival using Kaplan\u2013Meier analysis, Cox proportional hazard modelling and pathway analysis.\n                    <jats:italic>DMD<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression was significantly associated with survival in nine cancers after Bonferroni correction (\u03b1\u2009=\u20090.0015), with high expression linked to either improved or worsened outcomes depending on cancer type. The most abundant\n                    <jats:italic>DMD<\/jats:italic>\n                    transcript, Dp71ab, mirrored total\n                    <jats:italic>DMD<\/jats:italic>\n                    trends, distinguishing two tumour groups with opposing survival associations. Hierarchical clustering suggests these divergent effects may be linked to a subset of signalling and adhesion\u2010related DAPC components. Our findings indicate that\n                    <jats:italic>DMD<\/jats:italic>\n                    does not act uniformly as an oncogene or tumour suppressor. Instead, we propose a context\u2010dependent dual model whereby high\n                    <jats:italic>DMD<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression is tumour suppressive in aggressive cancers and oncogenic in less aggressive tumours.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/2211-5463.70109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T11:03:38Z","timestamp":1755687818000},"page":"222-236","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A unified model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene involvement in cancer: context\u2010dependent tumour suppression and oncogenicity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7974-2178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lee","family":"Machado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Physical Activity and Life Sciences University of Northampton  UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leanne","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Physical Activity and Life Sciences University of Northampton  UK"},{"name":"Department of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health University of Birmingham  UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonika","family":"Divakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Physical Activity and Life Sciences University of Northampton  UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Naidoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Physical Activity and Life Sciences University of Northampton  UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3638-2405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen","family":"Anthony","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Physical Activity and Life Sciences University of Northampton  UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000108309"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","first-page":"19","article-title":"The Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene and cancer","volume":"1","author":"Jones L","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell 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