{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T18:59:51Z","timestamp":1790881191682,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777248000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["FEBS Open Bio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Amphibacillus xylanus<\/jats:italic>\n                    is an aerotolerant anaerobe that consumes large amounts of oxygen and requires iron as an essential micronutrient during its aerobic growth. However, this bacterium lacks a typical respiratory chain; therefore, intracellular free flavins and their reductases are thought to participate in the reduction of molecular oxygen and ferric iron (Fe\n                    <jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). This system can potentially generate hydroxyl radicals through the Fenton reaction, highlighting the importance of regulating the production of redox\u2010active ferrous iron (Fe\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). In this study, we employed a strategy of abruptly switching the cell culture system from aerobic to anaerobic conditions to examine Fe\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    production via free flavins. Sudden anaerobization induced growth inhibition and a significant increase in intracellular labile Fe\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    . Whole\u2010cell\n                    <jats:sup>57<\/jats:sup>\n                    Fe M\u00f6ssbauer spectroscopy revealed that in aerobic cells, high\u2010spin Fe\n                    <jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>\n                    is the major chemical species, whereas in anaerobic conditions, the intracellular iron pool is completely converted into Fe\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and consists of low\u2010 and high\u2010spin Fe\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    species. Increased Fe\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    production was mimicked using cell\u2010free extracts and the reductase activity promoted electron transfer from NADH to Fe\n                    <jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>\n                    via physiological concentrations of free flavin adenine dinucleotide under anaerobic conditions. RNA sequencing showed that the electrons of NADH generated through glycolysis and the pyruvate metabolic pathway can flow into a flavoprotein with flavin reductase activity. These findings suggest that the production of labile Fe\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    via free flavin is regulated by molecular oxygen, allowing safe iron utilization during the aerobic growth of\n                    <jats:italic>A. xylanus<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/2211-5463.70255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T09:50:28Z","timestamp":1777283428000},"page":"1911-1924","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sudden anaerobization in\n                    <i>Amphibacillus xylanus<\/i>\n                    increases intracellular labile ferrous iron and inhibits cell growth"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5784-8637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shinya","family":"Kimata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology Tokyo University of Agriculture  Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoichi","family":"Sakai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Daido University  Nagoya Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keisuke","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics Tokyo University of Information Sciences  Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Etsuro","family":"Yoshimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Biological Chemistry The University of Tokyo  Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Kitano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biological Science Nara Institute of Science and Technology  Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morio","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fermentation Science Tokyo University of Agriculture  Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadahiro","family":"Nakamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Characterization Toray Research Center, Inc.  Otsu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsutomu","family":"Takayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Daido University  Nagoya Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirofumi","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety Tokyo University of Agriculture  Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaho","family":"Nomura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology Tokyo University of Agriculture  Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomonori","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology Tokyo University of Agriculture  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