{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]],"date-time":"2025-01-30T22:40:02Z","timestamp":1738276802442,"version":"3.35.0"},"edition-number":"1","reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9780471383932"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9780470050118"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,13]],"date-time":"2008-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1213315200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Radiometric calibration is a method of capturing digital images and processing the digital image data so that the pixel values represent actual measurements of light. Radiometric camera calibration converts ordinary digital images into radiometric images. Absolute radiometric calibration means that the image pixels are calibrated with reference to physical units such as watts per steradian per square meter (W.sr<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>.m<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>) or photon counts. Relative radiometric calibration means that the image pixels are calibrated with reference to each other \u2014 the ratio of two image pixels is the same as the ratio of the corresponding physical measurements of light. Radiometric calibration, both absolute and relative, has a wide range of applications in science and technology, including astronomy, remote sensing, and machine vision. Methods for radiometric calibration typically involve up to four steps. First, the camera response is corrected to be linear. Second, the camera's black response is subtracted. Third, corrections are applied for spatial variations in the effective aperture of the lens and the sensor sensitivity. This correction yields a relative radiometric calibration. A final step converts the relative calibration to absolute calibration by applying an appropriate scaling factor. This article first explains the basis of radiometric calibration \u2014 the additive property of light and the formation of digital images. Techniques for radiometric calibration are then explained, focusing on the four steps of estimating the camera response function, measuring the black response, correcting for vignetting and sensitivity, and using calibration targets. Finally, applications of radiometric imaging are discussed briefly.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470050118.ecse590","type":"other","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,30]],"date-time":"2008-06-30T11:24:27Z","timestamp":1214825067000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Radiometric Camera Calibration"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Leonard G.C.","family":"Hamey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"International Commission on Illumination International Lighting Vocabulary 3rd ed. CIE publication no. 17 (E\u20101\u20101) Vienna Austria: International Commission on Illumination (CIE) 1970."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(98)00111-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.11.002294"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"N38","article-title":"Correction for nonlinearity in the measurement of luminous flux and radiant power","volume":"13","author":"Clare J. F.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Measur. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6028\/NIST.SP.250-37"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.276126"},{"volume-title":"Robot Vision","year":"1986","author":"Horn B. K. P.","key":"e_1_2_9_8_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"N.Asada A.Amano andM.Baba Photometric calibration of zoom lens systems Proc. 13th International Conference on Pattern Recognition vol. 1 1996 pp.186\u2013190.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.1996.546016"},{"volume-title":"Applied Photographic Optics: Imaging Systems for Photograph, Film and Video","year":"1988","author":"Ray S. F.","key":"e_1_2_9_10_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00836279"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/42.875195"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2004.88"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DICTA.2005.1578107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","first-page":"374","article-title":"radiometric self calibration","volume":"7","author":"Mitsunaga T.","year":"1999","journal-title":"IEEE Conf. Comp. Vis. Patt. Recog."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","first-page":"159","article-title":"Dynamic range improvement through multiple exposures","volume":"3","author":"Robertson M. A.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Internat. Conf. Image Proc."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/83.951529"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K.ShafiqueandM.Shah Estimation of the radiometric response functions of a color camera from differently illuminated images International Conference on Image Processing 2004 pp.2339\u20132342.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2004.1421569"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2003.1240119"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","unstructured":"radiometric_self_calibration. (2007 October 22) MVTec HALCON Documentation. Available:http:\/\/www.mvtec.com\/download\/documentation\/reference\u20108.0\/hdevelop\/radiometric_self_calibration.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C.Manders C.Aimone andS.Mann Camera response function recovery from different illuminations of identical subject matter International Conference on Image Processing vol. 5 2004 pp.2965\u20132968.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2004.1421735"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/83.855434"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(01)00210-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/83.536890"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.22.000839"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2003.819222"}],"container-title":["Wiley Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/9780470050118.ecse590","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]],"date-time":"2025-01-30T22:05:15Z","timestamp":1738274715000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/9780470050118.ecse590"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,13]]},"ISBN":["9780471383932","9780470050118"],"references-count":25,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/9780470050118.ecse590","10.1002\/9780470050118"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9780470050118.ecse590","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,13]]}}}