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This property has led to the rapid dissemination of antibiotic resistance markers and to the panmictic structure of the gonococcal population. However, high frequency transformation also makes <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\"><jats:italic>N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic><\/jats:named-content> one of the easiest bacterial species to manipulate genetically in the laboratory. Techniques have been developed that result in transformation frequencies &gt;50%, allowing the identification of mutants by screening and without selection. Constructs have been created to take advantage of this high frequency transformation, facilitating genetic mutation, complementation, and heterologous gene expression. Techniques are described for genetic manipulation of <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\"><jats:italic>N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic><\/jats:named-content>, as well as for growth of this fastidious organism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/9780471729259.mc04a02s00","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,31]],"date-time":"2006-01-31T15:16:32Z","timestamp":1138720592000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Genetic Manipulation of <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"00","author":[{"given":"Joseph P.","family":"Dillard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Medical School  Madison Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1991.tb02081.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1119(97)00653-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_3_1","first-page":"3.2.1","volume-title":"Current Protocols in Molecular Biology","author":"Bloch K.D.","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(93)90695-Y"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(94)00890-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.160.1.288-293.1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro844"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1998.tb12981.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1994.tb01084.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_10_1","first-page":"1.6.1","volume-title":"Current Protocols in Molecular Biology","author":"Engebrecht J.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-137-6-1313"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1996.tb08574.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.18.6982"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_14_1","first-page":"509","article-title":"Use of a nonselective transformation technique to construct a multiply restriction\/modification\u2010deficient mutant of Neisseria gonorrhoeae","volume":"251","author":"Gunn J.S.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mol. 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