{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T01:16:52Z","timestamp":1792718212253,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,1]],"date-time":"2009-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1233446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CP Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Clostridium difficile<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a Gram\u2010positive, spore\u2010forming, anaerobe and is the leading cause of antibiotic\u2010associated diarrhea, pseudomembranous colitis, and toxic megacolon. Essential to the lifestyle of\n                    <jats:italic>C. difficile<\/jats:italic>\n                    is the ability to form a metabolically dormant spore, germinate, and grow out upon appropriate signals and elicit disease with the secretion of two toxins. To aid in the study of this organism, this unit describes the growth and maintenance of\n                    <jats:italic>C. difficile<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Included are methods to isolate\n                    <jats:italic>C. difficile<\/jats:italic>\n                    from environmental samples, grow in laboratory medium, and produce and purify spores.\n                    <jats:italic>Curr. Protoc. Microbiol<\/jats:italic>\n                    . 12:9A.1.1\u20109A.1.10. \u00a9 2009 by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/9780471729259.mc09a01s12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,23]],"date-time":"2009-02-23T09:49:12Z","timestamp":1235382552000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":123,"title":["Laboratory Maintenance of\n                    <i>Clostridium difficile<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Joseph A.","family":"Sorg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean S.","family":"Dineen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0732-8893(97)00113-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1119(96)00398-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.10.5770-5778.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"1201","article-title":"Severe Clostridium difficile\u2010associated disease in populations previously at low risk\u2014Four states, 2005","volume":"54","author":"CDC","year":"2005","journal-title":"Morbid. 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