{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T04:48:01Z","timestamp":1773290881705,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,1]],"date-time":"2009-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1241136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CP Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Streptococcal pathogens cause a wide array of clinical syndromes in humans, including invasive systemic infections resulting in high mortality rates. Many of these pathogens are human specific, and therefore difficult to analyze in vivo using typical animal models, as these models rarely replicate what is observed in human infections. This unit describes the use of the zebrafish (<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\"><jats:italic>Danio rerio<\/jats:italic><\/jats:named-content>) as an animal model for streptococcal infection to analyze multiple disease states. This model closely mimics the necrotizing fasciitis\/myositis pathology observed in humans from a <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\"><jats:italic>Streptococcus pyogenes<\/jats:italic><\/jats:named-content> infection. The use of a zoonotic pathogen, <jats:italic>Streptococcus iniae<\/jats:italic>, which replicates systemic infections caused by many streptococcal pathogens, including dissemination to the brain, is also described. Protocols describing both intraperitoneal and intramuscular infections, as well as methods for histological and quantitative measurements of infection, are also described. <jats:italic>Curr. Protoc. Microbiol<\/jats:italic>. 13:9D.1.1\u20139D.1.27. \u00a9 2009 by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/9780471729259.mc09d01s13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,1]],"date-time":"2009-05-01T13:47:24Z","timestamp":1241185644000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Adult Zebrafish Model of Streptococcal Infection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Hilary A.","family":"Phelps","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Assay Designs, Inc  Ann Arbor Michigan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donna L.","family":"Runft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wayne State University School of Medicine  Detroit Michigan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melody N.","family":"Neely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wayne State University School of Medicine  Detroit Michigan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199601253340407"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.10.6935-6944.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/516376"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0471729256.mc10b02s3"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.13.3.470"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)15643-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01175-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao076017"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002824"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01484-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2003.10.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.2.921-934.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.7.3904-3914.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/zeb.2005.2.87"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00518-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_16_1","first-page":"493","article-title":"A simple method of estimation of fifty percect endpoints","volume":"27","author":"Reed L.J.","year":"1938","journal-title":"Am. 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