{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T22:09:27Z","timestamp":1790633367609,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,1]],"date-time":"2009-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1233446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CP Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chlamydiae are Gram\u2010negative obligate intracellular parasites. <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\"><jats:italic>Chlamydia pneumoniae<\/jats:italic><\/jats:named-content> is a human respiratory pathogen that causes pneumonia, bronchitis, sinusitis, and pharyngitis. <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\"><jats:italic>C. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic><\/jats:named-content> has also been associated with cardiovascular disease. <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\"><jats:italic>C. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic><\/jats:named-content> can only be grown in cell culture and is more difficult to isolate from specimens than <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\"><jats:italic>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/jats:italic><\/jats:named-content>. Commonly used cell lines for isolation of <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\"><jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic><\/jats:named-content> are not sensitive for <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\"><jats:italic>C. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic><\/jats:named-content>. The most sensitive cell lines for isolation of <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\"><jats:italic>C. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic><\/jats:named-content> are HL and HEp\u20102. Centrifugation of the inoculum onto the monolayer and inclusion of cycloheximide in the medium enhance isolation. Inclusions are smaller than those of other chlamydiae and are visualized by staining with FITC\u2010conjugated genus\u2010 or <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\"><jats:italic>C. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic><\/jats:named-content>\u2013specific monoclonal antibodies. Slow expansion and use of a small inoculum are key to successful culture. Infectious organisms can be purified by use of Hypaque\u201076 gradients to titers &gt;1 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup>\/ml. <jats:italic>Curr. Protoc. Microbiol<\/jats:italic>. 12:11B.1.1\u201011B.1.23. \u00a9 2009 by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/9780471729259.mc11b01s12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,23]],"date-time":"2009-02-23T14:49:12Z","timestamp":1235400552000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Cultivation and Laboratory Maintenance of <i>Chlamydia pneumoniae<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Lee Ann","family":"Campbell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington  Seattle Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cho\u2010Chou","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington  Seattle Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro796"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555815905.ch60"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-140-36491"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.28.5.938-940.1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/322632"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-23-3-613"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.33.9.2411-2414.1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-118-29841"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/428739"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-39-1-88"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_11_1","first-page":"1706","article-title":"for the ACES Investigators","volume":"352","author":"Grayston J.T.","year":"2005","journal-title":"N. 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