{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T22:15:33Z","timestamp":1790806533157,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,1]],"date-time":"2014-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1406851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CP Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>sensu lato is a group of spirochetes belonging to the genus<jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic>in the family of Spirochaetaceae. The spirochete is transmitted between reservoirs and hosts by ticks of the family Ixodidae. Infection with<jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>in humans causes Lyme disease or Lyme borreliosis. Currently, 20 Lyme disease\u2010associated<jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic>species and more than 20 relapsing fever\u2010associated<jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic>species have been described. Identification and differentiation of different<jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic>species and strains is largely dependent on analyses of their genetic characteristics. A variety of molecular techniques have been described for<jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic>isolate speciation, molecular epidemiology, and pathogenicity studies. In this unit, we focus on three basic protocols, PCR\u2010RFLP\u2010based typing of the<jats:italic>rrs\u2010rrlA<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>rrfA\u2010rrlB<\/jats:italic>ribosomal spacer,<jats:italic>ospC<\/jats:italic>typing, and MLST. These protocols can be employed alone or in combination for characterization of<jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>isolates or directly on uncultivated organisms in ticks, mammalian host reservoirs, and human clinical specimens.<jats:italic>Curr. Protoc. Microbiol<\/jats:italic>. 34:12C.1\u201012C.31. \u00a9 2014 by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/9780471729259.mc12c05s34","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,1]],"date-time":"2014-08-01T21:29:09Z","timestamp":1406928549000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Molecular Typing of<i>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Guiqing","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, New York Medical College Valhalla New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dionysios","family":"Liveris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology New York Medical College Valhalla New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priyanka","family":"Mukherjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Jungnick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German National Reference Centre for <i>Borrelia<\/i>, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority Oberschlei\u00dfheim Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Margos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German National Reference Centre for <i>Borrelia<\/i>, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority Oberschlei\u00dfheim Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ira","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology New York Medical College Valhalla New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gki415"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2006.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-46-1-167"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-42-3-378"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.50.4.381-400.1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00153-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7007-7-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.60.4.1677-1683.1992","article-title":"Population genetic analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi isolates by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis","volume":"60","author":"Boerlin P.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Infect. 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